Intro to Delinquency
These are the two categories of delinquency by legal definition
What are Criminal and Status Offenses
UCR
What is Uniform Crime Report
These are the two varieties of rational choice theory
What is Routine Activities Theory and Situational Choice Theory
This theory states that crime is a function the misalignment of the goals of society and the means of achieving them.
What is Strain Theory
This theory seeks to identify, describe, and understand the development factors the explain the onset and continuation of a criminal career
Developmental theory
This is a major difference between criminal justice and criminology
What is criminal justice is primarily concerned with agencies of social control while criminology deals with the origin, extent, and nature of crime in society
These are the components of a theory
What are proposition, concept, and scope
The view that youths are in charge of their own destinies and are free to make personal choices
What is free will
This theory that posits that crime is a learned behavior
What is Social Learning Theory
Life course theory
Participation in illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit
What is Juvenile Delinquency
Dark figure of crime
What are incidents of crime and delinquency that go undetected by police
These are necessary elements to understand the probability of routine activities theory
What are Motivated offender, Suitable target, Absence of capable guardians
Broken Windows Theory
What is that unchecked social disorder or public incivility causes serious crime
This was the huge study done on life course theory to help discuss early onset delinquency
The Gluecks research- "The deeper the roots of child maladjustment, the smaller the chance of adult adjustment."
1899
What is the first year a juvenile justice court was established
When we divide the number of reported crimes committed in a state by the population of the state and multiply by 100,000, we get this
What is crime rate
Edgework
What are delinquent acts motivated by the need for excitement, that provides thrills and danger
Self-labeling
This is when the person labeled as deviant by others, begins to self-label as a deviant aka secondary deviance
Turning points
Critical life events such as career and marriage, which may enable adult offenders to desist from delinquency
Parens Patriae
What is "Father of the People"- government acts as the guardian
These are the three major types of data sources for crime in the U.S.
What are UCR, NCVS, and NIBRS
What are general and specific deterrence (daily double)
What GD: aimed at potential law offenders to convince them that the pain of the consequences outweigh the pleasure of the crime (threat of punishment)
SD: aimed at the actual offender of the crime to punish them with the aim of reducing a repeat offense
Name four types of social bonds noted by Hirschi
What are Belief, Attachment, Involvement, and Commitment
This is why building social capital is important
social capital opens avenues up for positive social relationships with individuals and institution while inhibiting delinquent behavior. Can be passed along to children. Losing social capital has been shown to increase personal deficits and likelihood of delinquency.