Immigration and Crime
This term refers to the surprising trend that first-generation immigrants often commit fewer crimes than native-born citizens despite facing poverty and discrimination.
What is the immigration paradox?
This historic institution is considered a precursor to modern American policing and helped enforce racial hierarchies.
What are slave patrols?
This legal rule requires prosecutors to disclose exculpatory evidence to the defense.
The Brady Rule
This is the most common cause of wrongful convictions, often influenced by memory distortion and pressure.
What is eyewitness misidentification?
This Latin phrase means "parent of the nation" and reflects the juvenile system’s original goal of rehabilitation rather than punishment.
What is parens patriae?
This term combines criminal law and immigration enforcement and describes the increasing overlap between the two.
Crimmigration
This concept describes an unwritten rule where officers avoid reporting the misconduct of fellow police.
The Blue Wall of Silence
This principle protects someone from being tried twice for the same offense.
Double Jeopardy
This group of teenagers was falsely accused in a high-profile NYC assault case, later exonerated.
This term describes the trend of pushing students, especially marginalized youth, from schools into the criminal justice system.
What is the school-to-prison pipeline?
This case involved smugglers using social media to lure migrants into a dangerous border crossing into Canada.
What is the Canadian Coyotes case?
This legal rule excludes evidence obtained illegally, such as from an unconstitutional search.
What is the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine?
This controversial legal doctrine allows individuals to use deadly force without retreating if they feel threatened.
What is Stand Your Ground?
This term refers to neighborhoods with overlapping disadvantages like poverty, unemployment, and incarceration, making reentry from prison especially difficult.
This term refers to a society in which rape is pervasive and normalized due to societal attitudes about gender and sexuality.
What is rape culture?
The tragic 2024 murder of this Georgia nursing student by an undocumented immigrant sparked national debate on immigration enforcement and inspired the legislation that bears her name.
Who is Laken Riley?
This legal doctrine shields government officials, including police officers, from civil lawsuits unless they violated "clearly established" constitutional rights.
What is qualified immunity?
This Supreme Court case ruled that jurors cannot be excluded solely based on race.
What is Batson v. Kentucky?
This 2005 Supreme Court case banned the death penalty for crimes committed by individuals under the age of 18.
What is Roper v. Simmons?
This is the foundational layer of the Rape Culture Pyramid.
What are everyday behaviors like sexist jokes, catcalling, and victim blaming that may normalize gender-based violence?
This group was falsely accused in a 2009 viral hoax of eating zoo animals, a rumor that was widely circulated to fuel xenophobic sentiments and perpetuate negative stereotypes about immigrants.
Who are Haitian immigrants?
This practice involves techniques such as verbal communication, maintaining distance, and using a calm demeanor, which police departments can adopt to reduce tension and avoid the need for excessive force in confrontational situations.
What is de-escalation?
This case involved a neighborhood watch volunteer shooting and killing an unarmed teenager, claiming self-defense under Florida’s "Stand Your Ground" law, while this case involved a woman firing a warning shot at her abusive partner, leading to a 20-year sentence.
Who are George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin?
This landmark case in 1972 temporarily abolished the death penalty in the United States, ruling that existing death penalty statutes were unconstitutional.
What is Furman v. Georgia?
This type of offense refers to behaviors that are only considered illegal due to the age of the individual, such as truancy or curfew violations.
What is a status offense?