Criminology
Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as...
What is a social phenomenon?
Before classical criminology, many criminal laws were...
What is unwritten (or arbitrary)?
According to strain theory, society is structured so that access to legitimate means of achieving these goals is [blank].
What is unequal?
The 3 basic components of the human psyche according to Freud/psychoanalytic theory.
What is 1) ID; 2) ego; and 3) superego?
According to Durkheim, crime plays a [blank] in society.
What is function?
The making of laws 3 models.
What is 1) consensus; 2) conflict; and 3) interactionist?
The positivist school and Lombroso believed that people are...
What is born criminal (or inherited)?
Some individuals respond to certain strains by turning to [blank] to achieve socially valued goals.
What is illegitimate means?
The 3 levels of moral development theory are...
What is 1) pre-conventional level; 2) conventional level; and 3) post-conventional level?
Criminological theories and research has important implications on...
What is policy (or law)?
Underlying broad changes in crime and criminology are shifts in these 3 things.
What is 1) values; 2) social norms, 3) and/or laws?
Unlike classical criminologists, who claim that people rationally choose to commit crime, positivist criminologists view criminal behavior as stemming from these 3 factors.
What is 1) biological; 2) psychological; and 3) social factors?
The most common of Merton's modes of adaptation.
What is conformity?
According to Social Learning Theory, behavior is...
What is socially transmitted through examples (or learned)?
The concept that is defined as the breakdown of social order as a result of a loss of standards and values.
What is anomie?
The 3 ways that crimes are tried to represent the varying degrees of offending.
What is 1) indictable; 2) summary; and 3) hybrid?
Emerging thinkers, including Beccaria, during the classical criminology believed that individuals [blank] to commit crimes.
What is choose?
According to strain theory, crime is not random or inevitable, but patterned by [blank].
What is inequality (and/or opportunity structures)?
The concept that describes a pattern of traits—including low empathy, lack of guilt, and poor response to punishment—that exists on a spectrum.
What is psychopathy?
Structural functionalism treats deviance and crime as...
What is normal features of social life?
As [blank] change, so do definitions of appropriate and inappropriate actions.
What is morals?
The 2 key aspects of deterrence theory and specifically who they deter.
What is 1) specific (those who offend) and 2) general (the general public)?
Merton's 5 modes of adaptation.
What is 1) conformity; 2) innovation; 3) ritualism; 4) retreatism; and 5) rebellion?
Social Learning Theory says learning happens in these 3 ways.
What is 1) observational learning; 2) direct experience; and 3) differential reinforcement?
Early criminology treated biology and psychology as...
What is the same concept?