Crime and Deviance In the U.S.
What is behavior that breaks the law called?
Crime
What does ICE stand for?
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
What is the sociological theory developed by Robert Merton that explains how deviance occurs when there is a disconnection between culturally approved goals and institutionalized means
Strain Theory
What is the sociological perspective stating that deviance and crime are products of how society defines, reacts to, and labels certain behaviors rather than being inherent acts?
Labeling Theory
What is the sociological theory that explains how society experiences ongoing conflict over resources, power, and status?
Conflict Theory?
What is behavior that goes against society's norms or expectations?
Deviance
Is ICE a federal, state, or local agency?
Federal Agency
According to Robert Merton's Strain Theory, what happens when there is a disconnection between culturally approved goals and institutionalized means?
Deviance
According to Labeling Theory, who holds the institutional power to decide who gets officially labeled as legal or illegal?
The government (lawmakers and law enforcement)
What does I.C.E. enforcement cause the working class to become from a Marxist conflict perspective?
Exploitable Segment
Can something be deviant without being illegal?
Yes
What is one of ICE's main responsibilities?
Enforcing immigration laws
What are two examples of state-level policy responses regarding federal immigration enforcement that create different approaches to maintaining social order?
Sanctuary States and Pro-Cooperation States
In the context of the Trump administration's policies, how is an illegal or unauthorized immigrant defined?
A non-citizen (or "alien") who resides in the United States without legal government authorization
What are two characteristics that could lead to increased racial discrimination under heightened I.C.E. enforcement?
Language and Skin Color
What is term for the ways society encourages people to follow rules and expectations
Social Control
Do all states cooperate with ICE in the same way
No.
What causes deviance according to Strain Theory?
A disconnection between cultural goals and institutionalized means
Who developed the sociological perspective known as Labeling Theory?
Howard S. Becker
What can immigrants experience because of the constant threat of I.C.E. detention?
Fear that discourages them from applying for jobs
Name two institutions that help enforce laws and maintain social control
Police and the Courts
Name two factors that can influence how states cooperate with ICE
Political Beliefs and Public Attitudes
How do immigration laws fit Strain Theory?
They disconnect economic safety from legal entry access.
According to Labeling Theory, are deviance and crime inherent in actions, or are they shaped by society?
They are shaped by how society defines and labels certain behaviors.
What type of discrimination can residents experience because of their language or skin color?
Racial discrimination