ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
What was the name of the famous set of laws created by King Hammurabi?
Code of Hammurabi
What was a medieval trial that involved testing someone's innocence through a physical ordeal called?
Trial by ordeal
What major period of change saw huge growth in cities, factories and population?
Industrial Revolution
What crime were people accused of committing when they were believed to use supernatural powers to harm others?
Witchraft
What does the word "forensics" refer to in criminal investigations?
Using scientific methods and evidence to investigate crime.
Which civilisation created the Code of Hammurabi?
Babylonian civilisation / Ancient Mesopotamia
In a trial by hot iron, what happened to the accused?
They had to carry or handle a hot piece of iron and their injuries were examined.
Why did crime become a major concern in rapidly growing industrial cities?
Rapid population growth, poverty, overcrowding and poor living conditions contributed to concerns about crime.
What was one common punishment for people accused of witchcraft?
Hanging or burning at the stake (execution), imprisonment
What type of evidence became particularly important in the O.J. Simpson trial?
DNA
What principle is often associated with Hammurabi's laws: "an eye for an eye..."?
Retaliation / retribution
What did people believe would happen if someone was innocent during an ordeal?
That God would protect them
What was one major change in punishment during the Industrial Revolution?
Greater use of prisons and transportation
What is espionage?
The practice of secretly gathering information, usually for a government or organisation.
Why is DNA useful to forensic investigators?
DNA can help identify or exclude individuals by comparing biological samples.
Why were Hammurabi's laws written down and displayed publicly?
To make the laws known and establish rules for society and justice.
Why was religion so important to medieval justice?
People believed God could reveal the truth and determine guilt or innocence.
Why did governments begin developing professional police forces?
To maintain order, prevent crime and respond to growing urban populations and crime concerns.
Why are spies and espionage important during times of war?
Information about an enemy's plans, military strength and movements can influence decisions
Why was the O.J. Simpson trial significant in the development and public understanding of forensic evidence?
It brought DNA evidence, blood evidence, crime-scene investigation and forensic science into intense public attention.
What does the Code of Hammurabi reveal about social inequality in Mesopotamia?
Punishments could differ depending on a person's social status, showing that people were not always treated equally under the law.
Why might a source about witchcraft written by a person who believed strongly in witches be biased?
Their beliefs and perspective may influence what they record.
Explain how industrialisation changed both crime and the response to crime.
Industrialisation created new urban problems and opportunities for crime, while governments responded with professional policing, prisons and new approaches to criminal justice.
What is a cipher and why might a spy use one?
A cipher changes information into a coded form so that only people who know how to decode it can understand the message.
Why should historians and investigators consider both the evidence and how evidence was collected and presented?
Evidence needs to be assessed for reliability, accuracy, contamination, interpretation and how it was obtained before drawing conclusions.