GIS Foundations
This computer based system captures, stores, analyzes, and visualizes spatial data.
What is GIS?
This term describes areas with a high concentration of crime.
What are hot spots?
These represent robbery locations on a map.
What are points?
This technique estimates intensity of point features across space.
What is kernel density?
This central storage system manages spatial and attribute data.
What is a geodatabase?
This type of data is tied to a specific location on Earth’s surface.
What is spatial data?
This refers to seasonal or monthly changes in crime patterns.
What are crime trends?
These represent streets or patrol routes.
What are lines?
This 3D framework combines space and time.
What is the space time cube?
These store geographic features of the same type.
What are feature classes?
This type of data allows analysts to track trends over time.
What is temporal data?
This approach uses algorithms to forecast where crime may occur.
What is predictive policing?
These represent neighborhoods or police zones.
What are polygons?
This modeling technique focuses on environmental risk factors rather than past crime counts alone.
What is Risk Terrain Modeling?
These visually represent datasets on a map.
What are layers?
This data model uses grid cells like pixels.
What is raster data?
This is one way GIS supports resource allocation in policing.
What is strategic deployment based on spatial data?
This coordinate system uses latitude and longitude.
What is a geographic coordinate system?
This technique is commonly used to identify hot spots using density surfaces.
What is kernel density analysis?
This classification method minimizes variance within classes.
What are natural breaks or Jenks?
This data model represents features as points, lines, and polygons.
What is vector data?
This is one major limitation of crime mapping related to interpretation.
What is that GIS shows spatial relationships but not causation?
This coordinate system flattens the globe for accurate distance and area measurement.
What is a projected coordinate system?
This technique identifies statistically significant clusters of high or low values.
What is Hot Spot Analysis or Getis Ord Gi star?
These tools automate tasks such as buffering, clipping, and spatial joins.
What are geoprocessing tools?