Handcuffing
When can handcuffs be applied?
When lawful authority exists and/or for officer safety.
Why should reports be written as soon as possible?
Accuracy and memory preservation
Which amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
The Fourth Amendment
What legal standard is required to issue a warrant?
Probable cause
What is the lowest level of police-citizen contact?
Consensual encounter
Why is checking handcuff tightness important?
What person are police reports written in?
First Person
What amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment?
The Eighth Amendment
Who has the authority to sign a warrant?
A judge or magistrate
What level of police-citizen contact requires reasonable suspicion?
Investigative detention (Terry stop)
What is the proper position of a subject's hands during handcuffing?
Behind their backs with arms extended and thumbs down.
Who is the audience for police reports? Name two.
Supervisors, prosecutors, judges, juries, defense attorneys.
What amendment guarantees the right to an attorney?
The Sixth Amendment
What exception allows officers to search to prevent immediate harm or evidence destruction?
Exigent circumstances
What level of suspicion is required for a Terry stop?
Reasonable suspicion
What must officer's check immediately after handcufiing?
Waistband for weapons
What is the primary purpose of a police report?
To document facts for court and investigations
What amendment applies most Bill of Rights protections to the states?
The Fourteenth Amendment
What exception allows a search with voluntary permission?
Consent
What level of suspicion is required to make an arrest?
Probable cause
What are two reasons for controlling a handcuffed subject's balance?
1. To prevent resistance
2. To avoid injury
What is an example of objective vs subjective writing?
Facts vs opinions
What is the main difference between the Fifth Amendment’s due process protection and the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process protection?
The Fifth Amendment applies to the federal government; the Fourteenth Amendment applies to the states.
What doctrine allows officers to seize evidence without a warrant if it is clearly visible?
Plain view doctrine
What Supreme Court case established stop-and-frisk standards?
Terry v. Ohio