The US Constitution
The branch of our government oversees the carrying out of the laws
What is the Executive Branch
This Model Means that the Safety of Society Should come First
"x number of offenses per 100,000 people"
What is the rate at which the US calculates crime?
A Law written by the Internal Revenue Service to regulate taxes would be an example of this.
What is an Administrative Law?
NOT a disqualifier for becoming a police office
What is a poor SAT or ACT score?
Preliminary investigations are usually conducted by this police officer
What is the Patrol Officer
The founding fathers put this tool in the government to protect against one branch becoming too powerful
What are Checks and Balances
Police, Courts, Corrections
Crimes NOT measured by the NCVS
What are Murder, Robbery, Sexual Assault
Generally to have a crime, you must have these 3 things.
What are Concurrence, actus reaus and mens rea
Peel's Idea of Police
What is to Prevent Crime?
Follow-up investigations are normally conducted by this group of police officers.
Detectives
It was created with the intention to limit the power of all branches of government regarding individual citizens rights (Hint: First 10 Amendments)
What is the Bill of Rights
A limit on prosecutions where the accused was previously prosecuted for the same offense by the same sovereign
What is Double Jeopardy
A crime where a person makes an unlawful entry into a building with the intent to commit a felony or a theft is called.
These crimes don't require intent.
The use of non-negotiable coercive force.
What is the "Core essence of policing?"
This information has been analyzed and evaluated and provides the basis for action.
Intelligence
Vehicular Searches, Abandoned Property Searches, Plain View Searches
What are exceptions to normal search and seizure limitations
This prevents prosecution when too long has passed since the crime was committed
What is a Statute Of Limitations
The crime of taking or attempting to take property from the person of another by force or threat of force.
What is Robbery?
The proof necessary to show that a crime has been committed (Body of the Crime)
What is the Corpus Delecti?
Bittner said this about the presence of police in a democratic society
What is the saying that police are anomalies?
This control mechanism on the police is located externally and involves a non-adversarial process.
Legislatures
A crime for which you may receive the death penalty
What is a Capital Crime
A component of the criminal justice system where people are sent after having been convicted of a felony and are serving a sentence of incarceration of over one year
What is a Prison
A law enforcement agency may mark a case as cleared when this happens.
What is an Arrest, OR Charges filed, OR by exceptional means
The most serious crimes punishable by death or prison for a year or more are
What are felonies?
federal law enforcement agencies is not part of the Executive Branch of government
What are the US Marshalls?
According to Wilson, this style of policing has the characteristic of having high frequency of intervention and high formality.
Legalistic
Grand jury hearing, double jeopardy, & self-incrimination
What are the rights of the 5th Amendment
Short-term holding facility
What is a jail?
Among the reasons crime has declined in America from 2016 to 2021, which is arguably the most compelling.
What is an effect of aging population?
You must have these things to have a justification defense.
What are
Must admit the illegal act for the defense
Claim there is a legal justification
The English tradition that was adopted as a mode of policing in the United States
What is a Sheriff?
This is one of the main police functions that is invoked by the police whenever a violation of the law occurs.
Law Enforcement
A person cannot be tried twice for the same crime once all appeals are final in the same sovereign system
What is Double Jeopardy
This model of the criminal justice system has been likened to an obstacle course
What is the Due Process Model?
Crimes that increased from 2016 to 2021, according to book.
What are violent crimes?
You must escape (retreat) rather than use this if you can do so safely.
What is Self Defense?
Era of policing emerged due to the realization that police need the input and participation of the citizens in policing
What is the Community Era?
This main function of the police requires that they render assistance to citizens even if there is no violation of the law or disturbance of the peace.
Service
Statement in Court or to the Police about a crime a defendant is suspected of may not be forced from them.
What is the right against Self-Incrimination (5th Amendment)
Criminal Court, Civil Courts, Other Specialized Courts
Some of the primary sources of Crime Data in the United States.
What are the UCR, NIBRS, NCVS
These are some legal defenses to a committing a crime.
What are Duress, Insanity, Voluntary intoxication
A form of policing that emerged as the tradition from the Old West.
What is vigilante policing?
This style of policing derived from Wilson’s criteria has low frequency of intervention and low formality.
Service
The basis of the Miranda decision comes from
What is the 5th Amendment
This Model says that individual rights should prevail against society
What is the Due Process Model
Represents those crimes that are not reported to the police
What is the Dark Figure of Crime
Examples of Legal Insanity Defenses
What are M’Naghten Rule, Durhan Rule, Irresistible impulse
This event precipitated the emergence of the Homeland Security Era of policing
What are the 911 attacks?
This element of community-oriented policing means that police officers should have permanency of beats.
Geographic Focus
The Right to Counsel
What is the 6th Amendment
Model compared to an assembly line
NCVS started collecting data in this year.
What is 1985
The inducement of a person by a government agent to commit a crime they were not predisposed to commit.
What is Entrapment?
Federal Police agency that is not part of the Department of Homeland Security
What is the FBI?
This form of patrol refers to situations where the police wait for calls or incidents and then respond to the incident or call.
Reactive Patrol