Science, Society, and Research Related to Crime (Chapter 1)
We only interact with a small fraction of the social world, but we sometimes tend to assume that what we know to be true for some cases is true for all cases. This is an example of which type of error in reasoning?
Overgeneralization
Kristy used the theory of differential association, a theory that focuses on how associating and learning from delinquent peers influences crime, to collect and interpret data on vandalism committed in groups and individually. She invoked in which type of process in conducting his research?
Deductive
Which reason would a research proposal need to go to an Institutional Review Board?
If it involves human subjects
Asking about someone’s income with answer choices such as low income, middle income, and high income, represent which level of measurement?
Ordinal
In a study of juvenile gangs, researchers asked youth gang members that they already knew to refer them to others to interview. They engaged in which type of sampling method?
Snowball
Matt learned that a program to prevent violence was not working because it was not implemented the way it was intended. Matt engaged in what type of social science research?
Evaluative
Researchers assert that arresting domestic violence offenders deters them from reoffending. If their assertion is correct, they have achieved ______.
Causal validity
The ______ established three basic ethical principles for protection of human subjects.
Belmont Report
Asking a question such as “What is meant by substance abuse in this research project?” is related to the concern of ______.
Conceptualization
What is the fundamental element of probability samples?
Random Selection
Elijah made observations about causes of crime based on what his beliefs were. Based on the terms used in Chapter 1, what type of error in reasoning did Elijah exhibit?
Selective observation
Dr. Reimel is interested in interviewing all of the inmates on death row in Texas, but he cannot gain access to this population. Which criterion for evaluating research questions is she unable to satisfy?
Feasibility
What are the 3 ethical standards for protection of human subjects?
Justice, Beneficence, Respect for persons
Using a measure of blood-alcohol concentration or a urine test to validate a self-report measure of drinking is an example of what kind of validity?
Any difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of the population from which it was drawn is called the ________.
Sampling error