Supreme Court Cases
What was ruled in the Tinker v. Des Moines case?
School officials can't censor student speech unless it substantially disrupts the learning environment
In what stage do you get booked and arrested?
Step 1, entry into the system
What is the 4th Amendment?
Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures without a warrant
What is a crime clearance rate?
The percentage of crimes that get solved
What are the 3 C's of the criminal justice system?
Cops, courts, corrections
What was ruled in the Texas v. Johnson case?
Burning the American flag is protected speech under the First Amendment
In what stage does the defendant choose to plead guilty or not guilty?
Step 3, adjudication
What is the 5th Amendment?
Guarantees the right to a grand jury, forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self-incrimination
What is a crime clock?
How many occurrences of a specific crime there are in a specified amount of time (example: property crime occurs every 4.9 seconds)
What are the 3 levels of government?
Federal, state, and local
What was ruled in the Wisconsin v. Yoder case?
Ruled in favor of the parents, finding that their religious beliefs outweighed the state's interest in education
In what stage does the judge pick the sentencing/punishment if the defendant is found guilty?
Stage 4, sentencing
What is the 6th Amendment?
Guarantees a speedy and public trial, the right to counsel, and the right to confront witnesses
What is Victimology?
The study of victims
What president reexamined the criminal justice system?
Lyndon B. Johnson
What was ruled in the Miranda v. Arizona case?
Created the "Miranda Rights" as Miranda's 5th and 6th Amendments were violated during his arrest.
In what stage is preliminary hearing held to see if there is enough evidence to continue to a trial?
Step 2, prosecution and pretrial service
What is the 8th Amendment?
Guarantees that excessive bail will not be required and no cruel punishments
What is victimization?
The process of becoming a victim
What was found when the criminal justice system was reexamined in the 1960s?
That it was tiered (federal, state, and local) and dynamic (fluid and always changing)
What was ruled in the Mapp v. Ohio case?
Ruled that under the 4th and 14th amendments, illegally seized evidence could not be used in a state criminal trial (Exclusionary rule)
In what stage can bail be set and the accused now becomes known as the defendant?
Step 2, prosecution and pretrial service
What is the 14th Amendment also known as?
The Due Process Amendment
Give 1 pro of law enforcement studying crime data.
They can find trends, which means they can see if certain crimes occur more often at certain time or in certain areas. This in turn, allows them to distribute patrols more effectively to catch criminals.
What are Due Process Rights?
Set of rights that protect individuals from the government depriving them of life, liberty, or property -- Protects people who are being judged / on trial