Key Terms
The legal standard required to make an arrest based on facts and circumstances.
What is probable cause?
Established stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion.
What is Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Two key elements required for a valid arrest.
What are intent and authority (plus seizure/detention)?
Legal standard required to initiate a stop.
What is reasonable suspicion?
Areas NOT protected by the Fourth Amendment outside the home.
What are open fields?
A brief detention based on reasonable suspicion.
What is a stop (Terry stop)
Allowed searches of the immediate control area during arrest.
What is Chimel v. California (1969)
One common source officers use to establish probable cause.
What is witness information / officer observation / evidence?
The purpose of a frisk.
What is to check for weapons?
Technology used to detect heat patterns inside a home (restricted).
What is a thermal imaging device?
Searching the immediate area of an arrestee without a warrant.
What is a search incident to arrest?
Ruled that police need a warrant to search cell phones.
What is Riley v. California (2014)
Allows warrantless entry when a suspect may destroy evidence.
What are exigent circumstances?
When an officer can go into pockets during a frisk.
What is when they feel something immediately identifiable as contraband (plain feel doctrine)?
Case involving GPS tracking requiring a warrant.
What is United States v. Jones (2012)?
Areas immediately surrounding a home that receive Fourth Amendment protection.
What is curtilage?
Established “reasonable expectation of privacy.”
What is Katz v. United States (1967)
Pursuing a fleeing suspect into a private space without a warrant.
What is hot pursuit?
Key difference between a stop and an arrest.
What is temporary detention vs. full custody?
No expectation of privacy in garbage left outside.
What is Greenwood v. California (1988)?
What is abandoned property?
A stop made for a minor violation to investigate another suspected crime.
What is a pretextual stop?
Allowed pretextual traffic stops as long as there is a legal justification.
What is Whren v. United States (1996)?
Why police can search someone fully after arrest.
What is officer safety and evidence preservation?
Case that allows use of informant tips with corroboration.
What is Alabama v. White (1990)
Why social media posts are generally not protected.
What is no reasonable expectation of privacy in publicly shared content?