Theoretical Paradigms
Name and briefly describe the 3 major theoretical paradigms
1. Structural Functionalism - God is society
2. Symbolic Interactionism/Indiviualism - Behavior influenced by symbols/Responsibility is on the person
3. Conflict Critical Materialism - Responsibility is on the state
Define and give an example of Classical and Positivist Criminology
Classical - Legislators should define crime and have specific punishments based on the effect it has on society.
Positivist - Goal was to decrease crime; punishment should fit the crime.
What is the theory of Social Disorganization and what do the zones examine?
Examines the break down of norms from the dominate community (examines how societys are organized)
Zones examine where and how crime takes place
What are subculture theories used for and what are the 3 different perspectives around them
to better understand why youth committ crimes
Cohen- Differential Association
Miller- Focal Concerns (Values)
Anderson- Code of the Street
Name the Founders and describe Critical Race Theory, Conflict Theory, and Culture Conflict Theory
Critical Race Theory: Derick Bell & Richard Dargoto; prioritizes racism as cause of inequality
Conflict Theory: William Bonger; prioritizes the socio-economic system as the cause of inequality
Culture Conflict Theory: Thorston Sellin
Name the founders of each paradigm
O/P - Emile Derkeim
I/I - Max Weber
H/M - Karl Marx
Who coined biological criminology and what was their theory?
Caesar Lombroso
argued that by biology you are a criminal and that you could determine someones criminality based off physical features.
Describe each zone by giving examples of the activity that takes place in each one
Zone 1 - "The Loop" Business Location
Zone 2 - "The Slum" The ghetto
Zone 3 - "Workingmans" where workers who lived in zone 2 now live
Zone 4 - "Residential" high class apartments
Zone 5 - "Commuters" suburbs, 30 minutes- 1 hour from Zone 1
Define each perspective under subculture theories
Differential association - likely to interact with people who are similar to you
Focal Concerns - delinquent gangs/ subcultures formed with in all social groups, but lower class youth, they adhered to lower-class ideals
Code of The Street - heart of the code of the street is respect; no snitching, live in the hood, embody family values and respect, and you get stuff and don't care how you get it
Give an example of Thorston Sellin's argument in the criminal justice system
anything having to do with discrimination against blacks with longer sentences
Give a scenario of Intersectionality in the black community
anything involving the interrelationships of socially constructed identities which can include race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, etc.
Who are the critics of Biological Criminology and what were their reasons?
W.E.B DuBois - said Lombroso's research was weak based on scientific fact
Francis Keller - said Lombroso's theory was not relevant in this country because the US doesn't resemble european countries
What is the strain theory, who coined it and where did he/she adapt it from.
Monetary success causes a strain on people
Robert Murton
Adapted from Durkheim
you are a black man pulled over and detained for a supposed driving violation, you soon realize that there was no real violation you were just suspected to be doing illegal activity. what theory best applies to this and why
Critical race theory because it examines how the law is used to maintain white supremacy and to oppress people of color
Name 3 additional theorists and their theories under critical race theory/labeling theory
William Bonger - argues capitalism influenced crime and socialism would reduce crime
Kelly Miller - southern whites were deliberately spreading negative negative propaganda to make blacks look bad
Loic Wacquant - argued public schools are designed to create a criminal class
Who Coined the term Intersectionality because sentencing in courtrooms were bias to various intersections (black woman)
BONUS : what was her occupation
Kimberly Crenshaw
BONUS : lawyer
Who was the father of sociological criminology and what were his theories? Relate each theory to the black community
W.E.B DuBois
having to adapt causes conflict (moving from the south to the city)
discrimination and poverty were variables of criminology
no assimilate to whiteness
Robert Kaufman - black people have other strains because of discrimination
Robert Agnew - if you remove a positive stimuli something negative will result
William Julius Wilson - if you remove role models the youth will become troubled
W.E.B DuBois - having to adapt causes conflict
Organizations hold themselves to a certain standard based off of people who aren't Greek perceptions; such as AKAs who are known as pretty girls and who coined it
Looking Glass Self and Charles Cooley
What theory did the group that covered chapter 1 of colored no more choose to represent their chapter and why?
Intersectionality
Define how the Analytical Tool is used
examines how people understand individuals, institutions and how this relates to social injustice
What is William Julius Wilson's theory and how does it relate to collective ethecicy?
If you remove social buffers youth will have no one to look up to and in theory will become troubled.
Relating to collective ethecicy- talk about social cohesion and role models
Give examples of each of the 5 adaptations in relation to College
BONUS: give an example of the 6th adaptation
1. Conformity (acceptance)
2. Innovation (conflict/critical)
3. Ritualist (because I'm supposed to)
4. Retreatism (hiding/giving up)
5. Rebellion (realization)
Explain Beckers Outsiders and provide an example
every society has rules and if you break them you then become an outsider and the social rules are dictated by the enviornment
Example: Terrorist/Terrorism - serial rapist, mass shootings, burning people alive, genocide, lynching people, and thievery of land