Theory Basics
What term refers to “an intentional act in violation of the criminal law committed without defense or excuse, and penalized by the state?”
What is crime?
What could be defined as "a way of looking at the world, a general emotional picture of “how things should be” that forms, shapes, and colors our concepts of the phenomena we study?”
What is ideology?
What are the most serious crimes referred to in the UCR?
Unlike traditional criminology, this subfield of criminology primarily uses data related to crime victims.
What is victimology?
Which element of a crime is the action (often physical) taken in performing criminal behavior?
What is actus reus?
What term refers to “A set of logically interconnected propositions explaining how phenomena are related and from which a number of hypotheses can be derived and tested?”
What is theory?
What are the two major competing ideologies in criminological theory?
What are the constrained and unconstrained visions?
What term refers to cases where an arrest has been made or a suspect has been identified but is unavailable for arrest?
What is cleared?
According to research, individuals belonging to which gender are more likely to be victims of sexual assault and more likely to be victimized by someone known to them?
What are women?
Which Which element of a crime could be described as "criminal intent?"
What is mens rea?
What term refers to behavior that violates social norms but is not criminal?
What is deviance?
What do we call the group of criminological theories that propose crime is a result of both biological and sociological factors?
What are biosocial theories?
In which crime data survey are respondents asked to provide information on crimes committed against them or their family members?
What is the NCVS?
What term refers to a “criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity?”
What is hate crime?
Which term refers to the principle that actus reus and mens rea must exist at the same time for a crime to occur?
What is concurrence?
What term refers to the trait of an individual related to their propensity or willingness to commit criminal behavior?
What is criminality?
What theory posited the idea that people are born criminal and criminals are "less evolved" than non-criminals?
What is atavism?
Which data collection system did the FBI officially adopt in 2021?
What is NIBRS?
What category of violence is the most prevalent form of violence in the United States?
What is domestic/intimate partner violence?
Which term refers to the element of a crime that examines the relationship between an individual's actions and resulting harm?
What is causation?
What are the two requirements for an action to be a considered a criminal offense?
What are that the act is defined as criminal as law and there is an associated punishment?
What term used in early criminology refers to the belief that criminals could be identified by physical traits and criminals often appeared “animal like?"
What is physiognomy?
What term refers to law enforcement's process to visual represent crime patterns using technology to incorporate both geographic information and crime data?
What is crime mapping?
Which contentious theory of victimization posited by von Hentig in the early 1940s proposes that victims may in some ways "provoke" their victimization?
What is victim precipitation theory?
Which type of causation is also referred to as "legal cause?"
What is proximate cause?