One of the two elements of a crime, this is the actual commission of the criminal behavior.
What is the actus reus?
100
This perspective assumes that everyone agrees about what should be legal and illegal.
What is the consensus perspective?
100
This is the most often used source for official crime statistics.
What is the Uniform Crime Report?
100
Males, youths, and the poor are more likely to be these.
What are offenders AND victims?
100
This theory discusses how belonging to a certain group can increase one's risk of victimization.
What is lifestyle theory?
200
These types of crimes are defined by the government, otherwise known as statutory crimes (that is, they are not inherently evil or depraved).
What are mala prohibita crimes?
200
If someone were to say, "You can't blame your problems on society! YOU still made the choice to commit a crime!" they would adhere to which perspective?
What is the social responsibility perspective?
200
These surveys ask about whether respondents have been the victim of a crime.
What are victimization surveys?
200
This is when others who were not victimized still become fearful and change their lives to avoid victimization.
What is vicarious fear/victimization?
200
This occurs when a victim "starts" the encounter that results in their victimization through intentional means.
What is active precipitation?
300
This type of behavior departs from social norms.
What is deviant behavior?
300
This perspective says that crime occurs because powerful members of society create laws that marginalize the weak, making them into criminals.
What is the conflict perspective?
300
These surveys tap into the "dark figure of crime", but there currently exists no national, consistent, validated survey of this kind.
What are self-report surveys?
300
This bias may explain why racial minorities are overrepresented in the offender population and suggests that minorities get arrested, charged, and prosecuted more often.
What is system bias?
300
These are the three elements necessary for a crime to occur, according to the Routine Activities Theory.
What is a motivated offender, suitable target, and the absence of capable guardians?
400
This branch of law would incorporate rules of evidence, search and seizure laws, and jury selection procedures.
What is procedural criminal law?
400
This perspective argues that criminals are defined by judges and members of the criminal justice system who label them as such.
What is the interactionist perspective?
400
This is one of the biggest limitations of the UCR and occurs when only the most serious crime is counted within an incident that included multiple crimes.
What is the hierarchy rule?
400
In Wolfgang, Figlio, & Sellin's study, this percent of their sample perpetrated over half of all offenses committed by their sample.
What is 6%?
400
According to this theory, it is all about WHERE you spend your time in terms of victimization risk.
What is deviant place theory?
500
A major problem with this way of viewing and studying crime is that it does not recognize the changing nature of the law and that sometimes behavior can negatively affect society, even if it is not technically illegal.
What is the legalistic approach?
500
If a politician promoted increased education and help for the lower classes as a means to decrease the crime problem, he would likely agree with this perspective.
What is the social problems perspective?
500
This is one way to gather crime data that involves combining the data and findings from previous studies to answer a question.
What is a meta-analysis?
500
This phenomenon can be predicted by how vulnerable, attractive, and/or antagonistic a person is in life.