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Rational Choice
Biosocial Theories
Psychological Theories
Social Structure Theories
The Letter "P"
100
The concept of rational choice involves the weighing of these.
What are costs and benefits/rewards and punishments?
100
This theorist said that serious offenders were "born criminals" and that they had distinctive, atavistic traits.
Who is Cesare Lombroso?
100
This theorist talks about the importance of early childhood, specifically the psychosexual stages of development.
Who is Freud?
100
According to Cloward and Ohlin, these types of gangs are the most violent, due to their disorganized structure and the use of violence and crime to gain status.
What are conflict gangs?
100
This is a stable pattern of behavior and emotions and is said to be a good predictor of chronic criminality.
What is personality?
200
Beccaria said that, since people are self-serving, the only way to effectively deter crime is to ensure that punishment has these three characteristics.
What is severe, certain, and swift?
200
The diathesis-stress model talks about crime as a function of this combined with situational stressors.
What is a predisposition to crime?
200
An example of this is when Mom takes away your car for a week because you missed your curfew.
What is negative punishment?
200
This occurs when the rules of behavior in a society have broken down and chaos ensues.
What is anomie?
200
If someone is diagnosed as this, they have behavioral and affective indicators such as lying, conning, living a parasitic lifestyle, and having an overall lack of empathy.
What is a psychopath?
300
This idea was put forth by Thomas Hobbes and involves people giving up their selfish interests for the good of the state.
What is the social contract?
300
These are shown to be linked to crime in part through school failure and involve a difficulty in using and understanding language.
What are learning disabilities?
300
A domestic violence victim is often hit with a belt. She is abused so often with this weapon that just seeing the belt induces fear and panic. This is an example of this type of learning.
What is classical conditioning?
300
These are the three major characteristics of social disorganization, according to Shaw and McKay.
What is economic disadvantage, residential turnover, and population heterogeneity?
300
This is what we are trying to achieve when we treat potential biological, psychological, or social problems before they manifest as crime.
What is primary prevention?
400
Despite its seemingly irrationality, this is why violence is still considered a rational choice.
What is because offenders have specific goals and choose specific targets?
400
This theory discusses rape as a function of evolutionary processes, specifically designating two types of reproductive strategies that are successful ways to pass on one's genes.
What is r/K Theory?
400
According to this theory, a child that does not have a strong maternal figure to whom they can bond when they are very young will have social and psychological problems when they're older.
What is Attachment Theory?
400
According to Concentric Zone Theory, this is the zone with the most crime.
What is the transitional zone?
400
These are the most important components to address within situational crime prevention, particularly to increase general deterrence.
What are perceived costs and benefits?
500
While situational crime prevention is most effective when targeting specific crimes, this is when efforts to reduce one crime end up reducing others as well in the same area.
What is diffusion of benefits?
500
Jake loves excitement. He gets bored really easily and needs to do fun, thrilling things to be truly happy. According to this theory, he is more likely to be a criminal because he is more likely to take risks and enjoy the thrill of crime.
What is Arousal Theory?
500
Although somewhat tautological, this disorder is diagnosed based on persistent criminal activity, but is also predictive of future criminal activity.
What is Antisocial Personality Disorder?
500
Noah wants to make a lot of money so he can buy all the fancy things he wants. However, he doesn't want to have to take the time to go to school, get a job, and earn it the "right" way. So, instead, he decides to rob people on the street to get money. Noah's lifestyle would be this type of social adaptation, according to Merton's Theory of Anomie.
What is innovation?
500
If this type of control is high, it increases collective efficacy in an area, thus decreasing crime, and the biggest contributor to this type of control is the police.
What is public social control?