Self and social control theories
This theory suggests that people establish levels of self-control by age 8.
What is "A general theory of crime" (Gottfredson and Hirschi)?
According to Pickett, this emotion mediates the relationship between perceived risk for apprehension and decision-making.
What is fear?
This couple from Harvard jumpstarted developmental theories of crime by studying men released from a Massachusetts reformatory over time.
Who are Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck?
The gene that may protect abused children from becoming delinquent.
What is the MAOA gene?
The defense lawyer who argued for a separate study of victims.
Who is Mendehlson?
Reiss' two types of controls
What are external controls and personal controls?
The three things that are needed for a crime to occur according to Routine Activity Theory.
What are 1)motivated offender 2) suitable target 3) lack of capable guardian?
According to Moffitt, these types of offenders make up a small portion of the population but offend throughout their lives.
Who are life course persistent offenders?
What is allostatic load?
What is the victim-offender overlap?
These scholars introduced self-report to criminology and criminal justice research.
Who are Short and Nye?
3 pillars of deterrence theory.
What is severity, celerity, and certainty?
The resources one accumulates as one encounters and bonds with others.
What is social capital?
When gene expression changes, but not the underlying genetic code.
What is epigenetics?
Describe the cycle of violence and how it differs for males and females.
Those abused as children have a higher likelihood of violence as an adult. Highly gendered coping mechanisms. Males express emotion outward while females express emotion inward.
Hirschi's 4 social bonds
What are 1) attachment 2) commitment 3) involvement 4) belief?
The underlying assumption of rational choice theories?
What is self-interest?
These theorists argue that desistance does not happen by chance.
Who is Giordano as well as Paternoster and Bushway?
The cGXE interaction where those with susceptibilities spend time in stressful environments.
What is the diathesis-stress model or amplification hypothesis?
Compare and contrast how we portray the ideal victim and the typical victim in the news and media.
Ideal - middle aged, white women, on her way to charity, blameless (highly afraid of being victimized)
Typical - young unmarried minority men
In one sentence (or two) describe Situational Action Theory?
Crime is a choice guided by individual characteristics and the environments to which people are exposed?
Describe Hobbe's social contract.
Agnew's five major life domains.
What are the self, the family the school the peers and work?
Discuss one criticism of biosocial perspectives.
Inadequate accounting for environment (are traits heritable or are we observing the social transmission between parent and child?), mechanisms unclear, ethics not carefully drawn out?
Give an example of how subcultural theories might explain victimization.
Code of the streeet/retaliation/toughness.