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Social Structure Theories
Social Process Theories
Marxism and Conflict
Outside the Conflict Box
People
100
According to Cloward and Ohlin, these types of gangs are the most violent, due to their disorganized structure and the use of violence and crime to gain status.
What are conflict gangs?
100
Social control theories are different from other criminological theories because, instead of focusing on what causes crime, they focus on this.
What is "Why obey the law?"
100
Marx said that this was unsustainable.
What is the capitalist system?
100
This focuses on healing and fixing the damage that's been done from crime, rather than retribution.
What is Restorative Justice (a type of Peacemaking Criminology)?
100
Differential Association
Who is Edwin Sutherland?
200
This occurs when the rules of behavior in a society have broken down and chaos ensues.
What is anomie?
200
According to this theory, criminal behavior is learned the same way anything else is learned and requires not only exposure, but interaction with others.
What is Differential Association?
200
This is the name Marx gave to the owners of production (the exploiters).
What is the bourgeoisie?
200
This way of thinking agrees with the underlying Conflict principles, but focuses on more pragmatic ways to reduce crime, especially at the community or neighborhood level.
What is Left Realism?
200
General Strain Theory
Who is Robert Agnew?
300
These are the three major characteristics of social disorganization, according to Shaw and McKay.
What is economic disadvantage, residential turnover, and population heterogeneity?
300
This element of Hirschi's social bond refers to people's shared values, such as everyone agreeing that it's wrong to hurt people.
What is belief?
300
These types of Marxists believe the laws protect the SYSTEM, not the WEALTHY.
What are Structural Marxists?
300
This discusses conflict, but between the genders more so than social classes.
What is Critical Feminism?
300
Containment theory
Who is Walter Reckless?
400
According to Concentric Zone Theory, this is the zone with the most crime.
What is the transitional zone?
400
Edwin Lemert said that this type of deviance is directly due to the criminal label.
What is secondary deviance?
400
This is seen to cause crime because the poor have more and more taken from them as the rich increase their wealth, expanding that gap more and more.
What is the drive to increase surplus value?
400
Shame is a powerful tool. However, to be effective, it must be this, rather than simply stigmatizing.
What is reintegrative?
400
Crime will always be part of society (and even if we got rid of all crime, noncriminal behaviors would become criminal)
Who is Emile Durkheim?
500
Noah wants to make a lot of money so he can buy all the fancy things he wants. However, he doesn't want to have to take the time to go to school, get a job, and earn it the "right" way. So, instead, he decides to rob people on the street to get money. Noah's lifestyle would be this type of social adaptation, according to Merton's Theory of Anomie.
What is innovation?
500
A criminal who justifies his actions by saying, "I had to fight him because only cowards run away and I am not a coward!" is using this technique of neutralization.
What is appeal to higher loyalties?
500
Marx called the laws in a capitalist society this, which meant that they appeared to be there for everyone and to treat everyone equally, but in reality, those in power got a very different type of justice.
What is a mystifying force?
500
This theory discusses how parents reproduce the power they have at work at home.
What is Power-Control Theory?
500
Drift (between delinquent and conventional behavior)
Who are Gresham Sykes and David Matza?