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CH-6 Social Structure Theories
CH-7 Social Process Theories
CH-9 Developmental Theories
CH-10 Violent Crime
NY Criminal Laws/Cyber Crime
100
Cultural deviance theory combines elements of _____ and social disorganization theories
Strain Theory
100
What is the the basic concept shared by all social process theories?
All people, regardless of their race, class, or gender, have the potential to become delinquents or criminals.
100
Building social capital supports conventional behavior and inhibits deviant behavior. True or False
True
100
According to the common law definition of rape, a man could not be raped by another man. True or False
True. The common law definition of rape is the carnal knowledge of a female by a man forcibly and against her will
100
In NYS, if someone kills a private security guard, he will be charged with murder in the first degree. True or False
False. A person is guilty of murder in the first degree when: With intent to cause the death of another person, he causes the death of such person or of a third person; and Either: the intended victim was a police officer the defendant was hired to commit the killing the victim was killed while the defendant was in the course of committing or attempting to commit a felony against that person
200
Which theory focuses on the urban conditions, such as high unemployment and school dropout rates, to explain crime?
Social Disorganization Theory
200
Social control theory is the view that people become criminals when labeled as such and when they accept the label as a personal identity. True or False
False. Social control theory - everyone has the potential to become a criminal, but most people are controlled by their bonds to society.
200
Using data from a longitudinal study of Pittsburgh youth, Loeber identified distinct pathways to crime. Which pathway begins at an early age with stubborn behavior?
the authority conflict pathway
200
What is expressive violence?
Expressive violence - acts that vent rage, anger, or frustration. Instrumental violence - acts designed to improve the financial or social position of the criminal.
200
What is Cybercrime?
Any crime that invloves a computer and a network.
300
According to social structure theory, what is the root cause of crime?
socioeconomic disadvantages that have become embedded in American society.
300
What is social reaction theory?
Social reaction (labeling) theory - the view that people become criminals when labeled as such and when they accept the label as a personal identity.
300
Explain the term adolescent limited offender.
"typical teenagers" who get into minor scrapes and engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with their friends and then "age out" of criminal behavior s they mature.
300
In the 1991 case of Michigan v. Lucas, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the validity of ______ - laws that protect women from being questioned about their sexual history unless it directly bears on the case.
Rape Shield Laws
300
When a person kills four or more victims within a single event. That person is known as _____________.
A mass murderer.
400
What is siege mentality?
People who live in neighborhoods that experience high levels of crime and civil disorder become suspicious and mistrusting of outsiders
400
Travis Hirschi states that the social bonds a person maintains with society are divided into four main elements. What are these elements?
Attachment Commitment Involvement Belief
400
According to Gottfredson and Hirshi’s General Theory of Crime; the propensity to commit crimes is linked to two latent traits. What are these traits?
an impulsive personality and lack of self control
400
List two motivations of terrorists as discussed in your book.
Psychological disturbance Alienation Indoctrination into extremism
400
Joe a white man, has been using a lye solution for some household purpose. During a heated argument with his neighbor Chris a black man; Joe throws the lye solution on Chirs. As a result Chris is seriously and permanently disfigured. Based on these facts; Joe can be appropriately charged with a hate crime. True or False
False. There is no evidence that the crime was committed because of the actual or perceived race of the neighbor. An offense is not a hate crime simply because the offender is one color and the victim is another.
500
Explain the relative deprivation theory.
Lower-class people may feel deprived and when they compare their life circumstance to those of the more affluent. Relative deprivation is the envy, mistrust, and aggression resulting from perceptions of economic and social inequality.
500
Explain the difference between primary and secondary deviance.
Primary deviance - a norm violation or crime with little or no long-term influence on the violator.  Secondary deviance - a norm violation or crime that comes to the attention of significant others or social control agents, who apply a negative label with long-term consequences for the violator's self-identity and social interactions.
500
What is the Age Graded Theory of Crime?
Different factors influence people at different stages of their development and, therefore, criminality is not stable. Criminal careers can be affected by events that occur later in life - such as turning points and social capital.
500
What are the the 4 categories of hate crime discussed in your book?
Thrill-seeking - Inflicting pain or injury on others gives the offender a sadistic thrill. Reactive - Offenders rationalize their behavior as taking a defensive stand against outsiders whom they believe threaten their community or way of life. Mission - Disturbed offenders view it as their duty to rid the world of evil. Retaliatory - Offenders commit crime in response to an original real or perceived hate crime.
500
List two of the three types of cybertheft.
Copyright infringement Identity Theft Internet Securities Fraud