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Culture
Neurotransmission
Neuroplasticity
Genetics
Social Cognitive Theory
100
What is the name of the type of culture that places value on maintaining reputation and social standing, especially in the face of a threat?
A culture of honor
100
What is the name of a brain cell?
Neuron
100
What do we call the brains ability to change as a result of experience?
Neuroplasticity
100
What does MAOA stand for?
Monoamine oxidase A
100
Who proposed social cognitive theory?
(Albert) Bandura
200
What were two dependent variables in Cohen et al.'s experiments on the culture of honor?
Testosterone levels, cortisol levels, answers to the scenario completion task
200
What are two behaviours associated with serotonin?
Impulsive aggression, antisocial behaviour, depression, mood, sleep, violence
200
How do we know from twin studies (e.g. Raine and Baker) that antisocial behaviour is a product of both genetic AND environmental factors?
Heritability was around 50%.
300
What were the % increases of testosterone of Northerners and Southerns in Cohen et al.'s experiments?
12% and 4%
300
What is the name of the amino acid that serotonin is synthesized from?
Tryptophan
300
What two areas of the brain were positively correlated with socioeconomic status in Luby et al.'s study?
Hippocampus and amygdala
300
What were two results of Meyer-Lindendberg's study comparing MAOA-H and MAOA-L participants?
MAOA-L (low) gene expression participants had more activity in their amygdala and less activity in the PFC when viewing angry faces.
300
What are the three pillars of triadic reciprocal determinism?
Behaviour, Environment, Individual (Internal/cognition/physiology/personality, etc.)
400
What were two results from Passamonti et al.'s experiment?
Tryptophan depletion reduced brain activity in the PFC when viewing angry faces. Communication between PFC and amygdala also disrupted in this condition.
400
What are two results from meditation and/or mindfulness studies?
Increased thickness in the PFC (shown in Monks); Reduction in amygdala activity when viewing negative emotional images (shown in Desbordes et al);
500
What are two reasons why a culture of honor didn't develop in the Northern states in the USA?
They weren't as reliant on herding as an economy; there was more law enforcement as more people lived in cities and communities.
500
How do the results of Passamonti et al. help us to explain reactive, impulsive aggression, and not other forms of violence or aggression, like being violent towards scared and innocent people?
The brain activity was only altered during the angry faces, not the sad or neutral faces (if someone was being hurt and they were scared, they would probably have a sign of sadness or fear, not of anger).