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Definitions
Theories
Theorist
Miscellaneous
Vs Category
100
- Theory that violent behavior caused by genetic make up. - Additional Y chromosome in males, no longer a valid theory
What is XYY syndrome
100
-Individuals imitate others in proportion to the connection - Inferiors imitate superiors - One behavior can replace another if two behaviors clash
What is laws of imitation
100
- Pre-conventional * Avoiding punishment (Criminal) - Conventional *Societal values (adolescent) - Post-conventional *Weigh social and individual values (Adult)
What is Kohlberg’s
100
• Trouble- Creates respect • Toughness- Response to lack of male figure • Smartness- Con artist • Excitement- Risk of danger • Luck- Life is ruled by outside forces • Autonomy- No respect of authority
What is TESTLA
100
• Performing act prohibited by law • Failing to perform act required by law • Example: life guards are required to save someone who is drowning but if they are not on duty and are there as a guest at the pool they are not required to save any one, just life firefighters, police, parents.
What is Act vs. Omission
200
- Actor must achieve the result (harm) through HIS OWN effort. - Proximate cause can be broken by an INTERVINING act. • Example: John tries to kill Tom but instead wombs him. Then the ambulance that is taking Tom to the hospital gets into an accident, which then kills Tom. Despite Toms death John did not succeed his PERSONAL attempt. So the act of murder is incomplete.
What is Causation requirement
200
A conscience so overbearing that it cannot control the individuals impulses (feelings of guilt) 2. A conscience so weak that it cannot control the individuals impulses 3. The need for immediate gratification (pleasure)
What is psychoanalytic theory
200
ecological analysis to their study of social disorganization?
What is Park and Burgess
200
Sexed in
What is the least respected way to join a gang
200
powerful urges for satisfaction vs moral conscious
What is ID vs Superego
300
Defendant lacked mental capacity to understand nature of the act – negating Actus Reus or did not appreciate wrongfulness of conduct negating mens rea
What is Insanity defense
300
1. Specificity 2. Duration 3. Engagement of emotion 4. Ontogeny (course of development) 5. Learning 6. Organization 7. Biological function
What is theory of attachment
300
founder of psychoanalysis
What is Sigmund Freud
300
Most lower class boys become
What is Corner boy
300
Conventional and Illegitimate values closely intergraded to conventional and illegitimate means VS Unsuccessful as criminals and as tough guys
What is Criminal Gangs vs Retreatist Gangs
400
Survey measure the extent of crime by interviewing individuals about their experiences as victims (only interview crimes who’s victims can be interviewed ex. Not criminal homicide and arson)
What is NCVS
400
All members of society subscribe to one set of cultural values (middle class values) putting strain on the lower class to achieve the ultimate goal in which the middle class is already have way there.
What is Strain Theory
400
• Conformity-Society has laid out a path for success (school, work, repeat) • Innovation-Positive: make a business like bill gates Negative: Selling drugs • Ritualism-Not achieving • Retreatism- Giving up on a dream but haven’t accepted where you are. • Rebellion-Rebellion of cultural aspirations (Amish people)
What is Robert Merton
400
Isaac Ray
What is America’s first forensic psychiatrist
400
Criminology (European) focuses on scientific studies of crime and criminality, whereas criminal justice (American innovation) focuses on scientific studies of decision making processes, operations, and justice- related concerns such as efficiency of police, courts and corrections systems; the just treatment of offenders; the needs of victims; and the effects of changes in sentencing philosophy.
What is difference between criminology and criminal justice
500
A term used to describe persons who were normal in all respects except that something was wrong with the part of the brain that regulate s affective responses
What is moral insanity
500
Focuses on the development of high-crime areas in which there is a disintegration of conventional values caused by rapid industrialization, immigration and urbanization
What is Social disorganization
500
- Psychoticism * Aggressive, egocentric, impulsive - Extroversion * Sensation seeking, dominant, assertive - Neuroticism * Low self-esteem, anxiety, mood swings
What is Eysenck’s
500
Illegitimate opportunities like legitimate opportunities, are unequally distributed
What is differential opportunity theory
500
A criminological perspective suggesting that people act under “free will” CHOOSE to commit crimes VS Believes that human behavior is determined by forces beyond individual’s control (social, biological, psychological, economic)
What is Classical school vs Positivist school