Theories
This theory proposes that people and work environments can be categorized into six types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC).
What is John Holland's Theory of Types and Person-Environment Interactions?
Despite recent gains, the wage gap between men and women in the American workforce means that (in 2018), women earned this percentage of what their male counterparts earned.
What is 85% (or 15 cents to the dollar)?
This is the crucial first step in resolving ethical dilemmas, which involves gathering extensive, specific, objective, and factual information to clarify the ethical concern.
What is identifying the problem?
These types of assessments include checklists, games, fantasies, forced-choice activities, card sorts, and structured interviews, and are typically not subjected to scientific rigor.
What are informal assessments?
This is the crucial first step in designing a career development program, involving gathering demographic data and understanding the characteristics of the people the program will serve.
What is defining the target population?
This theory, known for its life-span, life-space approach, emphasizes how individuals develop vocational self-concepts that are implemented through various life roles.
What is Donald Super's theory?
This refers to the concept that women are barred from upper levels of administration and leadership as a common issue they encounter in the workplace due to pervasive stereotypes -- thus this serves as a "glass ceiling" to promotion.
What is the "glass ceiling"?
Career professionals are reminded not to misuse assessment results and interpretations and must respect a client's right to know the results and the bases for conclusions.
What is client welfare?
This formal assessment measures interests in eight different areas, provides a Holland code, and scores on basic interest and occupational scales, and is often administered with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
What is the Strong Interest Inventory (SII)?
This is the next step after defining the target population, and it involves identifying in detail what the students, clients, or employees need from the program.
What is determining the needs of the target population?
The Career Beliefs Inventory (CBI) was developed by this theorist to identify problematic client beliefs associated with career problem categories such as indecision, unrealism, and multipotentiality.
Who is John D. Krumboltz?
This perspective is particularly useful for addressing the implicit White, male, and Western biases in career counseling models, encouraging sensitivity to how environmental factors hinder women's career development.
What is an ecological perspective?
This refers to career professionals maintaining the integrity and security of tests and other assessment techniques consistent with legal and contractual obligations, and not reproducing or modifying published assessments without permission.
What is assessment security?
A counselor's responsibilities when using assessment tools include having detailed knowledge about the instruments, evaluating their usefulness with diverse populations, and ensuring proper administration.
What are ethical responsibilities?
This method of delivering career services is the most expensive and time-consuming, making it desirable to use other, more cost-effective methods when possible.
What is one-to-one interviewing?
This model of career problem-solving and decision-making uses a CASVE cycle, which stands for Communication, Analysis, Synthesis, Valuing, and Execution.
What is the Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) model?
This ethical principle suggests that career professionals have a special obligation to work to ensure that those who are equal on selection criteria are treated equally, and that those with unrecognized potential receive appropriate encouragement and assistance.
What is social justice (or the ethical principle of justice)?
This ethical principle requires career professionals to ensure that assessment instruments are chosen carefully, considering their validity, reliability, psychometric limitations, and appropriateness, and using multiple forms of assessment where possible.
What is instrument selection?
A 19-item questionnaire used to assess the level of career indecision in individuals, particularly among high school and college students. It helps identify factors contributing to career-related difficulties and can be used to tailor interventions to support individuals in making informed career choices.
What is the Career Decision Scale (CDS)?
These clear statements of program goals must include how to determine if the goal has been achieved, and they form the basis for program content and evaluation.
What are measurable objectives?
This theory emphasizes integrating the mind, body, and spirit, and encourages individuals to connect various aspects of life, drawing from psychology, sociology, economics, multiculturalism, and constructivism.
What is Sunny Hansen's Integrative Life Planning (ILP) model?
This movement, founded by women in entertainment, emerged in 2018 to impress upon people that we should strive to live within a world where work is safe, fair, and dignified for women of all kinds, addressing issues like gender equity in the workplace.
What is the TIME’S UP movement?
This NCDA Code of Ethics section states that career professionals who develop products or conduct training events must ensure advertisements are accurate and disclose adequate information for consumers to make informed choices.
What is Section C.3.e: Products and Training Advertisements?
When selecting an assessment instrument, counselors must ensure it has sufficient data on its psychometric properties, such as reliability (preferably 0.80 or above) and evidence of its validity.
What is Reliability and validity in counseling assessment instruments?
This type of evaluation is conducted to improve an ongoing program, while another type aims to draw conclusions about the overall worth of a program to decide whether to retain it.
What are formative evaluation and summative evaluation?