Types of Shock
This type of shock requires restoring intravascular volume and improving oxygen-carrying capacity with blood transfusion. Fluid resuscitation with crystalloids is first line for this.
What is Hypovolemic Shock?
This Vasopressor is preferred in Septic Shock
What is Norepinephrine?
These are given IV and are first line for analgesia in the ICU
What are opioids?
These two benzodiazepines are used for sedation in the ICU
What are Lorazepam and midazolam?
These agents are used to increase contractility of the heart, but should only be used when BP is adequate.
What is Inotropes?
This type of shock is characterized by low SVR and have subclasses of Septic, anaphylactic and neurogenic shock
What is Distributive Shock?
It is a leakage of drug from the blood vessel into the surrounding tissue and is treated with phentolamine.
What is extravasation?
Sedation strategies that use these types of drugs to first to relieve pain and discomfort are associated with decreased ICU length of stay and time on the ventilator.
What are analgosedation drugs?
This class of drugs are preferred for sedation and associated with improved ICU outcomes
What are Non-Benzodiazepines (propofol and dexmedetomidine)?
This drug may turn pink due to oxidation, but this does not affect its potency.
What is dobutamine?
This type of shock must require “bundles of broad-spectrum antibiotics, IV fluid resuscitation w/IV crystalloids, a vasopressor if the MAP > 65 mmHg and have a serum lactate level > 2mEq/L
What is Septic Shock?
Arrhythmias, tachycardia, necrosis (gangrene)
What are side effects of Vasopressors?
This is used to assess a patient’s pain in the ICU
What is a validated pain scale?
Although no medications are recommended for prevention of Delirium, this Atypical antipsychotic can be used due to little risk for movement disorders and being mildly sedating
What is Quetiapine
This drug is metabolized to thiocyanate and cyanide which may cause toxicities.
What is nitroprusside?
This type of shock requires treatment with vasopressors and/or inotropes due to ADHF, hypotension and hypoperfusion.
What is Cardiogenic Shock?
Acts as a Beta-1 agonist at 5-10 mcg/kg/min
What is medium dose Dopamine?
Fentanyl and hydromorphone are used in patients with this type of impairment
What is renal impairment?
This is the only sedative approved for intubated and non-intubated patients
What is Dexmedetomidine?
This scale, also known as RASS, is used to measure sedation
What is the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale
This type of shock causes your airways to narrow and blood pressure to drop
What is Anaphylaxis or Anaphylactic Shock?
Using PDE-5 inhibitors are contraindicated with these types of vasodilators.
What are nitroglycerin and nitroprusside?
Acetaminophen and NSAIDs can be used as these depending on the pain.
What is adjuvant pain therapy?
These 3 monitoring parameters are important in critical care patients while using drugs for agitation and sedation.
What is BP, HR and sedation scale?
This agent should not be used if a patient has an allergy to egg or soy.
What is propofol?