Cardiovascular System
CO x SVR
(Cardiac Output x Systemic Vascular Resistance)
What is the formula for Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
The definition of shock
What is inadequate tissue oxygenationj
Two maneuvers on the ventilator to improve oxygenation
What is Increase PEEP and Increase FiO2
These are indications for this intervention
- Fluid overload, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, uremic encephalopathy, uremic coagulopathy
What is Hemodialysis
Phenylephrine acts on this receptor and causes this.
What is Alpha-1 and vasoconstriction
Resistance against the ventricle contracting
What is Afterload
Treatment of acute adrenal insufficiency
What is Dexamethasone
What is Tidal Volume (TV)
This is the formula for the Fractional Excretion of Sodium
What is FeNa = (Urine Na/Cr) / (Plasma Na/Cr)
This drug is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and its use increases myocardial contractility and pulmonary vasodilator
What is Milrinone
These variables cause a shift of the Oxygen-Hgb dissociation curve
Increase CO2
Increased temperature
Increased ATP production
Increased 2,3-DPG production
Decreased pH
What are causes of RIGHT SHIFT on the Oxygen-Hgb dissociation curve (O2 unloading)
Type of shock with decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
What is Neurogenic shock
This is the formula for Minute Ventilation
What is TV x RR
Minute ventilation = Tidal Volume x Resp Rate
The most common cause of postoperative renal failure
What is Intraoperative Hypotension
This drug acts predominantly causing venodilation with decreased myocardial wall tension from decreased preload
What is Nitroglycerin
Accounts for 20% of LVEDV
What is Atrial Kick
This is Beck's Triad
Restrictive Lung Disease has ___ TLC, ___ RV and ___ FVC
What is DECREASED TLC, DECREASED RV and DECREASED FVC
Hormone released in response to hypotension sensed by the juxtaglomerular apparatus
What is Renin
At low doses, Epinephrine acts on these receptors and has these effects.
At high doses, Epinephrine acts on these receptors and has this effect.
Low doses- beta-1 and beta-2 leading to increased contractility and vasodilation
High doses- alpha-1 and alpha-2 leading to vasoconstriction
Automatic increase in contractility secondary to Increased Afterload
What is the Anrep effect
Treatment includes volume first and then phenylephrine
What is neurogenic shock
Obstructive Lung Disease has ___ TLC, ___ RV, and ___ FEV1
What is INCREASED TLC, INCREASED RV and DECREASED FEV1
This hormone acts on the distal convoluted tubule to resorb water by up-regulating the Na/K ATPase on the membrane
What is Aldosterone
This drug at low doses works of these receptors causing diuresis.
At medium doses it works on these receptors causing heart contractility.
At high doses it works on these receptors causing vasoconstriction and increased BP.
What is Dopamine
Low doses- dopamine receptors (renal)
Medium doses- beta-adrenergic
High doses- alpha-adrenergic