Shock
What are the 4 types of shock?
Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive
___ % of the body is made up of water?
60%
What is the peak pressure associated with artificial ventilation?
15-20 cm H20
How do we calculate RER?
RER = 70 X (body weight in kg)^0.75
What kind of drugs are on the crash cart?
ER drugs (epi, vasopressers, atropine), reversals, anti arrhythmic drugs
What type of shock is defined as "occurs because of acute vasodilation mediated through the autonomic nervous system"?
Distributive Shock
Anaphylactic shock, septic shock (toxins in blood), neurogenic shock (CNS damage)
Name two bloodwork parameters for assessing dehydration?
Packed Cell Volume, hemoglobin, total plasma protein, plasma electrolytes, creatinine, Urine sp gravity
When would you do thoracocentisis vs chest tube placement?
Chest tube placement is a long term management solution to air in the thorax. Thoracocentesis is done acutely as needed.
What are some clinical signs of nausea?
Lip smacking, hyper salivating, regurg, turning away from food
How often should you check expiration dates on the crash cart?
Weekly
What are some examples of obstructive shock?
Heartworm dz, pericardial effusion, pulmonary embolism, saddle thrombus, gastric torsion
What is the difference between crystalloids and colloids?
Crystalloids- contain water and small molecular weight solutes that pass freely through vascular endothelium
Colloids- contain large molecular weight solutes that do not pass free across vascular endothelium so they stay in the intravascular space. Used to increased blood volume and blood pressure
Which two methods of oxygenation require the oxygen to be humidified?
Nasal catheter and nasal prong
What type of feeding tubes do veterinary nurses help place?
Nasogastric and Nasoesophageal
Name the 4 levels of acuity when it comes to triage?
Resuscitative/nonstable patient- needs immediate treatment
Emergent- 5-15 mins
Urgent-15-45 mins
Stable- 1-2 hours
What two therapies are most important during a shock scenario?
Oxygen and fluids
What are some examples of colloids?
Dextran, pentastarch, hetastarch, or gelatin products
Name the arterial blood gases for the following
pH, PaCO2, PO2, HCO3 (bicarb)
pH- 7.35- 7.45
PaCO2- 35-45mmHg
PO2- 94- 100 mmHg
HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L
When placing feeding tubes where do you measure to?
7th or 8th intercostal space
What does the good Samaritan law state?
A veterinarian or veterinary technician who, on his or her own initiative or other than at the request of the owner, gives humane or emergency treatment without fee to a sick or injured animals shall not be liable for civil damages as a result of his or her acts or omissions in the absence of gross negligence
Not every state recognizes this so make sure you check the laws.
Dobutamine and dopamine are examples of what types of drugs?
Pressor agents that treat hypotension
When is dehydration first detectable? What % leads to death?
7-8%- First time its noticeable and skin stays tented for 2-3 second
10-12%- After tenting skin, skin stays elevated for more than 2 seconds
12-15%- eyes sunken and death imminent
Name some factors that impair spontaneous ventilation?
Reduction of arterial CO2
Lack of external stimuli
Anesthetic agents, anesthesia too deep, muscle relaxant drugs
hypothermia
muscular weakness
What type of feeding tube bypasses the stomach and pancreas so it can be used in pancreatitis patients?
Jejenuostomy
When concurrent thrombosis and bleeding occurs in a patient, this is known as ____
DIC