Oxygen Delivery & Consumption
This occurs when oxygen consumption exceeds oxygen delivery at the tissue level.
What is tissue hypoxia?
Cardiac output is heart rate multiplied by this value.
What is stroke volume?
TruWave transducers convert mechanical pressure into this signal.
What is an electrical signal?
The dicrotic notch represents closure of this valve.
What is the aortic valve?
CVP measures pressure in this chamber.
What is the right atrium?
Oxygen delivery depends on cardiac output, hemoglobin, and this saturation value.
What is arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂)?
Normal adult cardiac output range.
What is 4–8 L/min?
The reference point for transducer leveling.
What is the phlebostatic axis?
Pulse pressure is the difference between these two pressures.
What are systolic and diastolic pressures?
Normal CVP range.
What is 2–6 mmHg?
Seizures, shivering, and hyperthermia increase this variable.
What is oxygen consumption (VO₂)?
Stroke volume equals EDV minus this volume.
What is end-systolic volume (ESV)?
Pressure error created for every inch the transducer is off level.
What is 2 mmHg?
MAP reflects the average pressure during this cycle.
What is the cardiac cycle?
CVP is influenced by volume, cardiac function, and this.
What is vascular tone?
This state occurs when VO₂ exceeds DO₂ and becomes delivery-dependent.
What is an unbalanced DO₂/VO₂ state?
This percentage reflects ventricular pumping efficiency.
What is ejection fraction?
A transducer placed too high results in a falsely this reading.
What is low?
Bleeding and ischemia are complications of this invasive line.
What is an arterial line?
Vasopressors affect CVP by altering this component
What is venous tone?
When DO₂ decreases, the body compensates by extracting more oxygen from this molecule.
What is hemoglobin?
Preload, contractility, and afterload determine this hemodynamic variable.
What is stroke volume?
Zeroing removes the influence of this pressure.
What is atmospheric pressure?
Passive leg raise mimics this assessment method.
What is a fluid challenge?
CVP assesses right heart function and this status.
What is intravascular volume?