We're
Which of the following are common risk factors for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply)
A. Female gender
B. High BMI
C. Long-term corticosteroid use
D. Vitamin C deficiency
E. Family history of osteoporosis
A, C, E
Which of the following demonstrates fidelity in nursing practice?
A. Explaining medical procedures honestly
B. Following through on promises to update the family
C. Advocating for a patient’s right to refuse treatment
D. Refraining from disclosing patient information
B. Following through on promises to update the family
What is the primary purpose of a living will?
A. To identify who makes decisions
B. To specify treatments in a terminal state
C. To assign property and finances
D. To approve organ donation
B. To specify treatments in a terminal state
Which four elements must be proven for a malpractice claim?
A. Breach of duty
B. Harm/damages
C. Provider’s intention
D. Causation
E. Autonomy
F. Duty to care
A,B,D,F
A postmenopausal woman with osteoporosis asks how to prevent further bone loss. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. “Increase your intake of calcium and vitamin D.”
B. “Avoid all exercise to protect your bones.”
C. “Drink more coffee to strengthen your bones.”
D. “Limit your protein intake.”
Answer: A, B, C, E
A nurse is caring for an older adult on bed rest. Which intervention is most important to reduce the risk of disuse atrophy?
A. Encourage sleep and minimize movement
B. Perform passive and active range of motion exercises
C. Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration
D. Encourage a low-calcium diet
B. Perform passive and active range of motion exercises
Which principle is MOST at risk when a nurse gives a chemotherapy drug without explaining its possible side effects?
A. Autonomy
B. Veracity
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
A. Autonomy
Which of the following statements about durable power of attorney for healthcare is TRUE?
A. It only applies when the patient is alert
B. It is less powerful than a living will
C. It allows another person to make healthcare decisions if the patient cannot
D. It requires a physician to activate it immediately after admission
C. It allows another person to make healthcare decisions if the patient cannot
A nurse administers digoxin to a patient with a pulse of 30 bpm, leading to cardiac arrest. This is considered:
A. A medication error, but not negligence
B. An unavoidable adverse event
C. A breach of duty with foreseeable harm
D. An issue for the pharmacy to resolve
C. A breach of duty with foreseeable harm
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?
A. Cigarette smoking
B. Postmenopausal status
C. Alcohol intake
D. Sedentary lifestyle
Answer: B
An older adult patient experiences orthostatic hypotension after prolonged bed rest. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A. Apply heat packs to legs
B. Encourage rapid movement from bed to standing
C. Elevate head of bed and dangle legs before standing
D. Restrict all mobility until cleared by a provider
C. Elevate head of bed and dangle legs before standing
The nurse is asked to obtain a surgical consent. Which of the following must be verified before witnessing the patient’s signature?
A. That the patient agrees with the family
B. That the surgeon explained the procedure
C. That the anesthesiologist is available
D. That the consent form is dated correctly
B. That the surgeon explained the procedure
Why is truth-telling (veracity) essential in end-of-life care?
A. To protect nurses from liability
B. To keep families hopeful
C. To preserve trust and support informed decisions
D. To reduce time spent answering questions
C. To preserve trust and support informed decisions
Which of the following actions best supports family-centered care in the ICU? (Select all that apply)
A. Restrict visitation to prevent interruptions
B. Include families in care rounds
C. Provide ICU diaries for families
D. Avoid discussing prognosis until discharge
E. Offer cultural and spiritual support services
B, C, E
A patient is prescribed alendronate. Which nursing instruction is incorrect?
A. Take first thing in the morning with water
B. Remain upright for 30 minutes
C. Take with milk to reduce stomach upset
D. Do not eat or drink anything else for 30 minutes
Answer: C
A terminally ill patient refuses further treatment. The nurse supports the decision, even though she personally disagrees. This action demonstrates which ethical principle?
A. Veracity
B. Fidelity
C. Autonomy
D. Beneficence
C. Autonomy
Which of the following are included in a proper informed consent? (Select all that apply)
A. Nature of the procedure
B. Provider’s financial compensation
C. Risks and benefits
D. Alternatives to treatment
E. Patient’s vital signs before surgery
F. Consequences of refusal
A,C,D,F
A nurse gives medication despite knowing the patient has a severe allergy. The patient dies. This is an example of:
A. Ordinary negligence
B. Beneficence
C. Gross negligence
D. Nonmaleficence
C. Gross negligence
What is the nurse's role during a family end-of-life conference? (Select all that apply)
A. Clarify confusing medical terms
B. Lead the discussion without the physician
C. Acknowledge family emotions
D. Offer palliative care resources
E. Give financial planning advice
A, C, D
The most common fracture sites in patients with osteoporosis include: (Select all that apply)
A. Hip
B. Spine
C. Wrist
D. Femur shaft
E. Ankle
Answer: A, B, C
A nurse discloses a patient’s HIV status without consent. Which ethical principle was most directly violated?
A. Nonmaleficence
B. Fidelity
C. Justice
D. Confidentiality
D. Confidentiality
A patient is visibly confused and unsure about the procedure details. What should the nurse do?
A. Ask the patient to sign anyway and clarify later
B. Re-explain the procedure herself
C. Stop the process and notify the provider
D. Tell the family to convince the patient
C. Stop the process and notify the provider
A patient slips on a wet floor the nurse didn’t clean up. This is an example of:
A. Gross negligence
B. Malpractice
C. Ordinary negligence
D. Ethical misconduct
C. Ordinary negligence
Which of the following best describes bereavement care?
A. Providing wound care after a death
B. Assisting with organ donation
C. Supporting emotional needs of family after loss
D. Explaining billing procedures
C. Supporting emotional needs of family after loss
A nurse is caring for a patient who refuses chemotherapy. Respecting the patient’s decision demonstrates which principle?
A. Fidelity
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Beneficence
Answer: B