Characteristics
Give one characteristic of a critical reader.
recognizing biases
look at the text from a different perspective
identifying the writer’s purpose
identifying the tone and persuasive elements used
evaluate how the text presents arguments
•provides high reflective skills
Is it true? Does it exist?
Is a question under what type of claim?
Claim of Fact
occurs when an arguer presents his/her argument as one of only two options despite the presence of multiple possibilities
False Dilemma
“Have you stopped cheating on exams?”
What fallacy?
Complex question
The Latin term for Attacking the Person Fallacy
Argumentum Ad Hominem
T or F: Analyzing the writer's motivation in writing the argument is a good technique for understanding claims.
T
Claim of Value
What refers to errors in reasoning that can invalidate an argument?
Logical Fallacies
Occurs when the element of pity is used instead of logical reasoning
Appeal to Pity
“I cannot accept your argument because, unlike me, you were not educated at a University.”
Attacking the Person
Sociopolitical is one of the factors that might affect the motivation of the writer in presenting an argument.
T or F
T
Euthanasia should not be legalized in the Philippines because we are a pro-life country.
What type of claim?
Claim of Value
occurs when something is instantly concluded to be true just because it is not proven to be false, and vice versa.
Appeal to Ignorance
Most Filipinas want to have fair skin because they think it will make them look beautiful. Therefore having fair skin must be the real standard of beauty.
Bandwagon
Consider the following equation, the syllogism is under what fallacy?
A = B = C = …Z wherein A ≠ B ≠ C ≠ …Z
Slippery Slope
Biases mean _________.
unfair judgement
The Philippines should pass Jeepney Modernization Bill in order to transform the road sector of public transport through the introduction of safer and climate-friendly vehicles, improved regulation, and industry consolidation.
What type of Claim?
Claim of Policy
occurs when a general rule is applied to a situation, even when it should be an exception
Fallacy of Accident
Cecilia, the foreigner from Italy, is very impolite. Italian people are mean and rude.
Hasty Generalization
consider the following equation, the syllogism is under what fallacy?
A=B wherein B ≠ A or A ≠ B
Post Hoc
What mode of persuasion is used in the following claim?
"You should vote for me because our family is a reputable politician"
Ethos
Due to the rising cases of juvenile delinquency in the Philippines, we should lower the age of criminal liability to 15 years of age.
What type of claim?
Claim of Fact
occurs when a sample is not significant or enough to support a generalization.
Hasty Generalization
The Philippines’ rising amount of debt causes the growth of the economy to slow down.
Wrong Direction
consider the following equation, the syllogism is under what fallacy?
If A is true then B is true; if B is true therefore A is true.
Affirming the consequent