Ch4 Privacy
The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution that spell out additional rights of individuals.
Bill of Rights
An amendment in the Constitution that protects Americans’ rights to freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and freedom to assemble peaceably.
First Amendment
Works of the mind— such as art, books, films, formulas, inventions, music, and processes—that are distinct and owned or created by a single person or group.
Intellectual Property
An amendment to the Constitution that protects citizens from unreasonable government searches and is often invoked to protect the privacy of government employees.
Fourth Amendment
Lewd, filthy, or disgusting words or pictures not protected by the First Amendment.
Obscene Speech
The exclusive right to distribute, display, perform, or reproduce an original work in copies or to prepare derivative works based on the work; granted to creators of original works of authorship.
Copyright
A hardware device used to impersonate a cell tower, forcing all mobile phones within range to connect to it. The device can then capture information that can be used to identify and locate users and the phone numbers they call or text.
Stingray
Making either an oral or a written statement of alleged fact that is false and that harms another person.
Defamation
A legal doctrine that allows portions of copyrighted materials to be used without permission under certain circumstances.
Fair Use Doctrine
“the right to be left alone— the most comprehensive of rights, and the right most valued by a free people.”
Software that can be used to block access to certain websites that contain material deemed inappropriate or offensive.
Internet Filter
A grant of a property right issued by the government to an inventor; permits its owner to exclude the public from making, using, or selling a protected invention, and allows for legal action against violators.
Patent
An act designed to improve the portability and continuity of health insurance coverage; to reduce fraud, waste, and abuse in health insurance and healthcare delivery; and to simplify the administration of health insurance.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Signed into law in 1998, the act addresses a number of copyright-related issues, with Title II of the act providing limitations on the liability of an Internet service provider for copyright infringement.
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
Information, generally unknown to the public, that a company has taken strong measures to keep confidential.
Trade Secret