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Scientific Sources
Parts of a paper
Logic
People, Practices
Measurement
100
Sent to “expert” reviewers to determine whether to publish
What is Referred journal article?
100
Unfocused and unproductive approach to experimental research, missing this.
What a paper with no hypothesis?
100
The type of reasoning used in may experimental studies. This reasoning involves moving from a general principle to understaning a specific case. Characteristics include A priori acceptance of truth exists, one set of conclusions is accepted as true, the theory is tested, and relationships are tested among discrete phenomena. Reasoning the data are controlled by the hypothesis. Used to describe, test, or predict the application of theory and rules to a specific phenomenon.
What is Deductive Reasoning?
100
Any dishonest, ignorant or incompetent practitioner, regardless of formal training
What is a quack ?
100
The extent to which an instrument measures what one intends to measure
What is Validity ?
200
An index that states whether a journal is referreed
What is Ulrich's Index of Periodicals?
200
Section of Scientific paper which states why the study was done, what was found, and what was concluded
What is Abstract ?
200
Inductive Reasoning
What is reasoning which involves moving from a specific case to a broader generalization about the phenomenon under study? It involves fitting data, such as a set of observations or propositions of an existing theory. There is no truth or a priori before the study begins. An attempt is made to fit the data to a theoretical framework or a set of identified and well-defined concepts. May also be used to describe, explain, and predict phenomena, and recently has been valued as contibuting to explanation and cause and effect relationships.
200
A type of medicine referring to practices used in place of conventional medicine. A practice that is put forward as having the healing effects of medicine, but is not based on evidence gathered with the scientific method. Often not part of conventional treatment, this native medicine is usually based on tradition, belief in supernatural energies, pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, or fraud. Lacking scientific validation. Used independently or in place of medicine based on science.
What is Alternative medicine?
200
A distribution in which two values occur with the same frequency.
What is Bimodal?
300
A branch of philosophy that addresses the nature of knowledge and how one comes to know.
What is Epistemology?
300
Primary Information Source
What is a Referred Journal?
300
A form of logical inference that goes from data description of something to a hypothesis that accounts for the reliable data and seeks to explain relevant evidence? Reasoning from P to Q involves not simply a determination that, e.g., Q is sufficient for P, but also that Q is among the most economical explanations for P. Simplification and economy are what call for the 'leap' of abduction For example, the lawn is wet. But if it rained last night, then it would be unsurprising that the lawn is wet. Therefore, by ________ reasoning, the possibility that it rained last night is reasonable.The new theoretical proposition becomes validated and modified as part of the research process. "Theory generating".
What is Abductive Reasoning?
300
Medicine used alongside conventional medicine, in the belief that it increases the effectiveness. An example of this medicine is use of the acupuncture (sticking needles in the body to influence the flow of a supernatural energy), along with using medicine based on science, in the belief that it will increase the effectiveness of the medicine based only on science, which does not address problems with the flow of the supernatural energy. The medicine is thus believed to “complement” medicine that is based on science.
What is Complementary medicine?
300
When probabilities take a value between 0 and 1, 0 probablity indicates
What is an impossible event ?
400
Publication rejection rate for the Journal of Dental Research
What is 50%?
400
"C" stands for this when using an approach to asking answering clinical questions. It was developed by Sackett, et al, using the acronyms PICO
What is Comparison ?
400
"Organized Common Sense" according to Brownoski
What is Scientific Method?
400
A statement made by someone that is usually a witness to an event, or a claim that someone is making. Example, Michael Jordan stating, "Nike's make me play better".
What is a Testimonial?
400
A numerical value that assigns an order or ranking to a set of observations whereby the variables are discrete and have an inherent order in a rank-order format
What is Ordinal numbers?
500
Found in the introduction section of a paper and is simple. It explains all the relevant facts, and is testable
What is Hypothesis?
500
Section of a research paper provides the information by which a study’s validity is judged.It requires a clear and precise description of how an experiment was done, and the rationale for why specific experimental procedures were chosen. This section should describe what was done to answer the research question, describe how it was done, justify the experimental design, and explain how the results were analyzed.
What is Methods Section?
500
"If it is a beagle, it is a dog. Spot is a beagle. Spot is a dog"? It consists of two premises and one conclusion.
What is Categorical Syllogism?
500
A person uses the minimum amount of energy to solve a problem.
What is Cognitive Miser?
500
A variable that has a finite number of distinct values
What is Discrete variable?