Show:
Feelings
Distraction
Misinformation
Generalization
Irrelevant Connections
100
An argument based on the claim of an untrustworthy or ambiguous authority.
What is appeal to authority?
100
Changing the topic of an argument to distract the audience.
What is red herring?
100
An argument that is based on the idea that because no one has disproved the claim, that it is true.
What is appeal to ignorance?
100
Generalizing from an unrepresented sample.
What is hasty generalization?
100
Relating two casual events in an argument that occur consecutively.
What is consecutive relation?
200
An argument based on the ability to draw an emotional response from the audience in order to sway their judgment.
What is appeal to emotion?
200
Misrepresenting someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is Strawman?
200
An argument that is lacking in evidence as to why the arguer holds this belief of the argument because it is not clearly obvious to the audience.
What is questionable premise?
200
An argument based on the idea that if it is popular, it is true.
What is appeal to popularity?
200
Defending an argument based on the assumption that someone else has done something similar.
What is two wrongs make a right?
300
An argument based on the idea that because it has been done before by someone else in the past that it is right.
What is old is better?
300
Claiming that the audience must prove their argument before it is agreed to be true, rather than burdening someone else to disprove the argument.
What is shifting the burden of proof?
300
An argument that uses only some of the evidence or leaves out some evidence in order to sway opinion that the claim is right.
What is selective evidence?
300
An argument based on the assumption that what is true for the parts is also true for the whole.
What is property of the parts or composition?
300
An argument based on the assumption that if a particular event occurs, so will other undesirable events.
What is slippery slope?
400
An argument based on the response of sympathy, swaying the audience's judgment.
What is appeal to pity?
400
Using the physical attributes of a person to attack rather than attacking the person's argument.
What is attacking the speaker?
400
An argument based on a casual link that is unsupported by efficient evidence pointing to an incorrect cause.
What is false cause?
400
An argument based on the assumption that what is true for the whole is also true of the parts.
What is property of the whole or division?
400
An argument based on the fact that the conclusion is also used as one of the premises to support the conclusion.
What is circular reasoning?
500
An argument based on the fact that because it is new, it is right.
What is new is better?
500
Claiming that, between two extreme positions, the middle point is the right.
What is middle ground?
500
Using the same word, which have two different meanings, in the same argument, causing confusion and possible mistaken conclusions.
What is equivocation?
500
An argument that is based on the presentation of two alternatives, when in fact more alternatives exist.
What is false alternatives?
500
Using personal experience or testimony to base an argument rather than on sound evidence to back up the claim.
What is anecdotes?