Theories
One of the questions feminist theory seeks to answer is:
Why do men offend at a higher rate than women?
What are the different criminological needs of women?
Etc.
This ethical test asks about the long term likely result.
The 3 major components of our criminal justice are:
What are police (law enforcement), courts, corrections?
If a person is incarcerated for less than a year, they will likely serve their sentence in this building.
What is a local jail?
If a person is incarcerated for more than a year, they will likely serve their sentence in this building.
What is a state or federal prison?
This term refers to a state of normlessness that is central to strain theory.
What is anomie?
You would ask this question if you were using the ethical test of common sense.
Would someone look askance (funny) at this?
This layer of the wedding cake model has cases that are most likely to be pled out, instead of going to trial.
What is misdemeanors?
This burden of proof is indicative of a case involving civil law:
What is a “preponderance of the evidence?
Aaron returns home after school to find his apartment has been ransacked. His tablet computer and television are missing. Aaron is the victim of this type of crime.
What is burglary?
This theory assumes that people are born "bad" and must learn to modulate their own behavior in order to be "good".
What is control theory?
An officer receiving some benefit, either for free or a reduced price is _____.
What is a gratuity?
Most criminal matters occur within this layer of the wedding cake model.
What is misdemeanors?
A state’s Supreme Court justice sets a precedent by interpreting and applying one of the state’s laws in a particular way. On a similar case, a justice in a lower court adheres to the Supreme Court justice’s interpretation of the same law. This is an example of:
What is stare decisis?
This is the most common sentencing type in the United States
What is probation?
Cesare Lombroso used this term to describe characteristics of offenders.
What is atavistic? (or atavism)
Ethics is important in the criminal justice system because practitioners have a lot of ______with the people with whom they are involved.
What is discretion?
Studying criminology can be helpful in determining ways to ____.
What is deter crime?
This example, discussed in class, illustrates the conflict theory of justice.
What is the crack/powder cocaine sentencing disparity?
In 1994, Orenthal James “OJ” Simpson was tried for the murder of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman. The 11-month televised trial that ended with his acquittal has been described as the most publicized criminal trial in history, with an estimated 51 million audience watching the verdict. OJ's case would fall into what layer of the wedding cake model?
What is celebrated cases?
A person argues that criminal behavior occurs in communities with high population turnover and weakened core social institutions, such as poor schools. This person aligns best with ______ theory.
What is social disorganization theory?
Officer Chen is testifying at the trial of a person accused of dealing drugs. She knows that the person has been selling to school children, one of whom overdosed and died. Past attempts to convict the person have failed because the people in the neighborhood are too afraid to testify. Officer Chen tells the court that she witnessed the person selling drugs on school grounds even though this is not true. This is an example of_______.
What is noble cause corruption?
During the early days of affordable automobiles, society began to recognize that drunk driving was a significant threat to public safety. The public advocated for the first laws prohibiting drunk driving emerged in 1920 in order to protect the well-being of all citizens from drunk drivers. Drunk driving laws are an example of this perspective.
What is consensus perspective (or consensus theory)?
Give an example of actus reus.
What is "anything that describes the act of engaging in a crime?"
For ex: hiring a hitman for an insurance policy.
Janet begins working at a new office supply company as a salesperson. After a few months, she notices her colleagues routinely use and take inventory for personal use. At her previous job, this was considered stealing. When she asks a coworker, her coworker rationalizes the behavior by saying, “Well, with what they pay us, the company at least owes us free office supplies.” Janet eventually begins to take office supplies for her personal use as well. This example best represents ______ theory.
What is learning theory?