It's All Relative
This is an action taken by a person or a group of people that violates the rules of a society to the point that someone is harmed or the interests of that society are harmed
What is a crime?
According to spiritualism, this was the root cause of crime.
Evil; demonic forces; criminals are possessed
A theory that assumes individuals born with an extra Y chromosome (XXY) will be naturally inclined to aggression and crime.
What is the Super Male theory?
An “asocial”, self-centered, aggressive person with a dangerous maladjusted personality. Also known as a social predator.
What is a psychopath, or psychopathic personality?
What is the American Dream?
Society has two broad ways of controlling crime. What are they?
What is Informal and Formal Social Control?
Under this system, people were subjected to possible fatal to determine guilt or innocence.
What is trial by ordeal?
______ assumes that the shape of an individual’s head (i.e. bumps on the skull) explains personal characteristics and can determine criminality
Phrenology
The process of learning by watching the behavior of others?
What is observational learning?
What is Zone 2 (zone is transition)?
What are Official Statistics, Victimization Surveys and Self-Reports?
This is the most important feature of the classical school
What is free agency/free will?
This is the psychological imbalance of too much id and not enough super-ego that produces crime.
What is Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
This man is credited as the founder of sociology and originally traced the root of anomie to rapid social changes.
Who is Emile Durkheim?
This is the primary institution of socialization.
What is the family?
This is the mental calculation that people use to decide between right and wrong.
What is hedonistic calculus?
Childhood exposure to this substance is a major indicator of criminal behavior in adulthood
What is lead-crime hypothesis?
This is the life-stage that has the most impact on personality development.
These are the four value orientations according to Messner and Rosenfeld’s Institutional Strain and Anomie
What are Achievement orientation, Individualism, Universalism and Fetishism
These are crimes unknown to the police.
What is the dark figure of crime?
According to Lombroso, these men presented at least five visible stigmata.
What is the born criminal?
This theorist claimed a relationship between facial features and behavior (just facial features).
Who is Kaspar Levatar?
This psychological theory assumes that children learn higher stages of morality from older children, teens and adults and that criminal offenders are stuck at lower life stages.
What is Kholberg's Theory of Moral Development?
This theory assumes crime and delinquency are stress adaptations, regardless of the source