Crime, Law, Courts, and Controversy
What are the three main components of the criminal legal system?
Police, courts, and corrections
What is Geographical Jurisdiction?
type of jurisdiction in criminal cases that is primarily concerned with a sovereign's power to punish conduct that violates its criminal laws
What is the most prevalent type of case heard in small claims court?
Debt collection
What is the most frequent offense subject to statutory waiver?
murder
Which concept stresses the importance of the patterned interactions of judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys?
The courtroom workgroup
Who is the prosecutor’s client?
the government
Most lawyers practice civil law because it is:
more lucrative
What is Actus reus?
the criminal act
Which federal court has original jurisdiction over disputes between states?
The Supreme Court
What term is used to describe specialty courts today?
Problem-solving courts
By 2023, what type of approach to juvenile justice did most Americans support?
rehabilitative
How many state constitutions have speedy-trial guarantees?
35
Prosecutors enjoy which kind of immunity from civil liability for everything they do regarding the core prosecutorial functions of initiating criminal charges and pursuing criminal convictions as the government’s advocate?
absolute
In Faretta v. California, the Court ruled that defendants:
have the right to proceed pro se.
In what country did the common law first appear?
England
Who is the presiding officer of the U.S. Supreme Court?
The chief justice
What is the most widely adopted type of specialty court?
Drug courts
Where was the first juvenile court created?
Cook County, IL
Who assists the judge with conducting legal research and drafting legal opinions?
judicial law clerk
Who is the most important member of the work group?
prosecutor
Which Amendment provides the right to counsel?
Sixth
"Mistake of fact" negates what?
mens rea
How many numbered circuits of at least three states are there in the United States?
11
Which court hears the bulk of the caseload in the appellate system?
Intermediate appellate courts
What term is used to describe the informal handling of a juvenile case?
Nonpetitioned
How are newcomers to a courtroom taught formal requirements of the job and informal rules of behavior?
socialization
Who supervises assistant district attorneys?
section head
Which system of indigent defense involves the appointment by the court of private attorneys from a list of available attorneys on an as-needed basis?
Assigned counsel system
What is the most important event that can occur during an initial appearance?
setting bail
What does the U.S. Supreme Court issue when it agrees to hear a case on appeal?
A writ of certiorari
Which judges typically authorize search warrants?
Lower Court Judge
What is the most common disposition in juvenile court?
Dismissal
What term describes a defense attorney who engages in hostile relations with prosecutors?
Maverick
What kind of evidence is the prosecutor required to hand over to the defense?
exculpatory
Argersinger v. Hamlin (1972) affected what kind of criminal defendants?
nonfelony