Plant nutrition
What gas do plants take in during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
Which organ stores and mixes food with digestive juices?
The stomach
What tissue carries water from roots to leaves?
Xylem
What organ pumps blood around the body?
The heart
What part of the cell controls what goes in and out?
The cell membrane
What pigment in chloroplasts captures light energy?
Chlorophyll
What enzyme in saliva starts the digestion of starch?
Amylase
What do we call the loss of water vapor from plant leaves?
Transpiration
What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
What jelly-like substance fills the cell and holds organelles?
The cytoplasm
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen (in the presence of light and chlorophyll)
What is the function of bile in digestion?
It emulsifies fats to increase their surface area for enzymes to work on.
What substances does phloem transport?
Sugars and nutrients
What is the function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen using haemoglobin
What part of the plant cell is filled with cell sap and helps keep the cell firm?
Vacuole
Why is starch used for storage instead of glucose in plants?
Because starch is insoluble in water
Explain the role of villi in the small intestine.
Villi increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients into the blood.
Explain how water moves from the roots to the leaves.
Water enters root hairs by osmosis, moves through the root cortex to the xylem, and is pulled upward by the transpiration stream.
Why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria?
Because they pump blood with more force, especially the left ventricle which sends blood to the whole body.
What is the main difference between plant and animal cells in terms of energy production and food-making?
Plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells do not.
Explain why plants convert glucose into sucrose before transporting it through the phloem.
Sucrose is more chemically stable and less reactive than glucose, making it better for transport around the plant.
Differentiate between excretion and egestion
Excretion: removal of waste materials from cell tissue
Egestion: removal of waste from digestion
Explain the function of the potometer
To measure transpiration rate
Explain the double circulation system in humans.
The teacher will judge the answer.
Explain the differences between a bacterial cell and a typical animal cell.
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic — they have no nucleus, and their DNA is in a loop. They also have a cell wall, but not made of cellulose, and no mitochondria.