Cross-Cultural Alliances

Abel Tasman

100

How did Māori and the Dutch crew initially communicate their presence to one another during their first encounter?

By blowing on conch shells and trumpets

200

Which of the following was a result of Abel Tasman’s encounter with Māori at the northwest tip of the South Island?

He never actually set foot on land

300

What event led Abel Tasman to name the location of his first encounter 'Murderers Bay?

• The Incident: A small rowboat used to pass messages between Tasman’s two ships, the Heemskerck and the Zeehaen, was rammed by a Māori waka (canoe).
• The Outcome: Four Dutch sailors were killed in the attack

400

What were the names of the two ships used by Abel Tasman during his 1642 voyage to New Zealand

Heemskerck and Zeehaen

500

What was the significance of the pūtatara in the context of the first encounter with Abel Tasman?

It was used to issue a ceremonial challenge to strangers.

James Cook

100

Why was the presence of Tupaia, a Tahitian priest, critical to the success of Cook's first voyage in New Zealand?

He could translate because the Māori and Tahitian languages shared similar vocabulary.

200

During the hostage incident at Poverty Bay, what did Tupaia do as a mark of respect for the dead rangatira Te Rakau?

He placed a British Red Coat on the body.

300

Who was the first Māori person recorded to be killed during the encounter with the Endeavour at Tūranganui-a-Kiwa?

Te Maro

400

What was the main geographic discovery of Cook's mapping during the first voyage of the Endeavour?

He disproved the theory that New Zealand was part of a larger southern continent 'The Great Southern Continent'

500

What was the primary stated scientific purpose of the HMS Endeavour's voyage to the southern hemisphere in 1770?

To observe the planet venus as it passed between the Earth and the Sun

Sealers

100

Describe the population of sealers in NZ around the 1790s. 

small

200

In the late 18th century, why were European sealers considered temporary visitors compared to later whalers and settlers?

In the late 18th century, European sealers were viewed as temporary visitors because their presence in New Zealand was strictly tied to the hunting season. Unlike later groups who built more permanent communities, sealers arrived in small numbers with the primary goal of earning money from seal skins and oil before leaving again

300

What was a defining characteristic of the daily life of European sealers in the 1790s?

They lived in cold, wet caves, survived on biscuits, seal meat and fish. They were lonely and isolated. 

400

In the late 18th century, how did the arrival patterns of sealers differ from those of later whalers?

Sealers were temporary seasonal visitors, while whalers eventually established shore-based stations. 

500

Where was the primary area for European sealing operations?

Southland

Whalers

100

Why did European whalers particularly value Māori crew members on their ships?

Māori were excellent sailors with superior navigational skills.

200

According to the source material, what quality did European whalers specifically admire in Māori sailors?

Their exceptional navigational skills and use of celestial technique

300

What primary products did Europeans seek from hunting whales and seals in New Zealand?

Oils for lamps and machinery, and skins for clothing and leather. 

400

How did Richard (Dicky) Barrett and Jacky Love solidify their relationship with the Te Āti Awa tribe in the 1820s?

• Marriage: They were officially accepted into the tribe through marriage. Barrett married Wakaiwa (also known as Rawinia), who was not only the daughter of a chief but also related to several other influential leaders within the tribe.
• Māori Names: Their integration was further solidified in 1828 when the tribe gifted them Māori names: Barrett became known as Tiki Parete and Love was called Hakirau.
  The most significant event that cemented their loyalty to the tribe occurred in 1832 during a major conflict with the Waikato tribe.

500

What happened to the whaler John Rutherford after he was shipwrecked?

Welcomed by the Community: Rather than being "rescued" by other Europeans, he became "a part of the Māori community".

• Cultural Exchange: He learned the Māori language and customs while sharing his own knowledge of European tools and weapons.
• Physical Transformation: As a sign of his integration and status within the tribe, he was "tattooed with traditional Māori moko"

Traders

100

List two items that either Māori or Europeans traded

Māori might trade food, local knowledge, or clothing, flax, timber, fresh water, clothing etc with the Europeans in exchange for metal tools, large iron nails, , clothing, blankets, muskets.

200

Why was the timber trade, specifically for Kauri and Kahikatea, so important to European visitors?

The tall straight logs were perfect for making ships masts.

300

How did the dynamics of trade between Māori and Europeans change shortly after the arrival of large numbers of traders?

Māori took greater control by raising prices and becoming more selective about goods.

As Māori became more familiar with European goods and the competitive nature of the traders, they took greater control of the market.

• Price Increases: Māori began raising the prices of the goods they provided, such as food, water, and timber.
• Selectivity: They became much more selective about what they would accept in trade, prioritizing high-utility items like large nails for carving, blankets, and various iron tools.
• Direct Exporting: They moved beyond simple bartering and became active participants in the global economy, exporting valuable resources like kauri timber and harakeke (flax) overseas

400

Which of the following was a negative consequence for Māori during the height of the manual flax (harakeke) trade?

Māori neglected their gardens and became more susceptible to European diseases.

• Extreme labor Demands: European traders wanted to buy flax by the tonne, but it was incredibly difficult to produce manually. A hard-working person could only prepare about one kilogram of fibre per day.
• Neglect of Subsistence Farming: To meet these high demands and earn enough to buy essential items like muskets, Māori had to work long hours in flax swamps. This left them with no time to tend to their traditional gardens, leading to food shortages and hunger

500

Which of the following describes a medicinal use of harakeke (flax) within traditional Māori society?

Using parts of the plant to treat toothaches and wounds.