Hofstede
Preference in society for achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material rewards for success
Preference for cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak, and quality of life
What is Masculinity (Quantity of Life) vs Femininity (Quality of Life)?
Global
Leadership
Organizational
Behaviour
Effectiveness
What is the GLOBE study acronym?
In some cultures, rules are valued over relationships, where in other cultures, relationships dominate over rules
What is Individualism vs Collectivism?
The human use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture
What is Proxemics?
This is a culture you are born into, with shared meanings, and unconditional relationships
What is National Culture?
Single organization
Sample size
Lacking consideration of subcultures
Outdated research
Dynamic nature of cultures
What are the criticisms of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions framework?
The degree to which a society encourages and rewards collective distribution of resources and collective action
What is institutional collectivism?
In cultures where this value prevails, people prefer direct communication and straightforward facts over intuition
What is Specific vs Diffuse?
This type of time management style views time as linear, treats time as a valuable commodity, emphasizes strict deadlines, and considers lateness as rude, while also having a clear separation of work and personal affairs.
What is Monochronic?
This policy was introduced to promote equal opportunities in employment by addressing disadvantages faced by underrepresented groups historically
What is Affirmative Action?
“The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another”
What is Hofstede's definition of culture?
Charismatic/Value Based
Team-Oriented
Participative
Humane
Self-Protective
Autonomous
What are the six GLOBE leadership dimensions?
In this type of culture, your connections and who you know, as well as your status determines success
What is Ascription?
In countries like Russia and Saudi Arabia, workplaces often exhibit characteristics such as autocratic and centralized
What is hierarchical?
This term describes the belief that one's own culture or ethnicity is superior to others in validity, often leading to judgments about different cultures
What is Ethnocentrism?
Australia is a highly individualistic culture. From this you can conclude that they are also a _____ power distance culture.
What is low power distance?
The manager at XYZ company is non-autocratic. They encourage input from others when making decisions and deciding on how to best implement those decisions. This manager emphasizes equality when leading their team.
What is participative leadership?
This dimension contrasts cultures where life is seen as something people control versus cultures where life is more accepted as it comes
What is Internal vs External control?
A country like Sweden often emphasize collectivistic values that prioritize team achievement, and success in the workplace
What is cooperative culture?
This approach to marketing involves brands aligning with the values, beliefs, and assumptions of specific cultures to make connections with consumers of those specific cultures
What is Cultural Identity in Marketing?
XYZ organization in the US is motivated by fast results to satisfy immediate needs. They use resources quickly and want to see an immediate return on their investments. This organization emphasises the “bottom line” when conducting business.
What is short term orientation?
This leader encourages members with their vision while staying true to their core values. They are decisive and inspirational. Example: Martin Luther King Jr.
What is a charismatic leader?
This idea suggests that effective management of cultural differences often involves finding creative ways to integrate two seemingly opposing values or ideas
What is Dilemma Theory?
This term describes the belief that a culture or individual controls their own fate and life outcomes and is commonly found in countries such as the United States.
What is internal locus of control?
Mental processes that individuals use to acquire and understand cultural knowledge, including knowledge of and control over individual thought processes relating to culture
What is Metacognitive Intelligence?