Fractional Distillation
This unreformed petroleum product is composed of hydrocarbon and other organic materials.
What is Crude Oil?
The process where heavy hydrocarbon are broken down into lighter molecules
What is Cracking?
This process converts straight chain hydrocarbon to branched hydrocarbon.
What is Reforming?
This fuel is used for ships and power stations.
What is Fuel Oil?
This occurs during the extraction of crude oil.
What is Pollution?
This method is used to separate the components of crude oil
What is Fractional Distillation?
The three things needed for catalytic cracking to occur.
What are heat, pressure and catalyst?
This type of hydrocarbon is more resistant to knocking/detonation and is a better fuel.
What is a branched-chain alkane?
This is a material needed for road surfacing.
What is Bitumen?
These two hazardous and toxic air pollutants are emitted in the refining process.
What are carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide?
(sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides are accepted)
Crude oil passes through this instrument to break it down into fractions. It has a temperature gradient - meaning it is hotter at the bottom and cooler at the top.
What is a fractional column?
The powdered mixture is made up of two chemicals.
What are alumina and silica?
These compounds are used as the catalysts for reformation.
What is Platinum or Molybdenum (VI) Oxide, Aluminum Oxide
This component is liquefied under pressure to produce LPG.
What is Refinery gas?
This compound, when exposed to it, can lead to nervous system damage in children
What is Lead
Three organic components found in crude oil
What are hydrocarbon, organic and inorganic compounds?
Name two products that are made from alkenes.
What are cosmetics and plastics?
(Detergents, solvents and paint are accepted)
In this process, naphtha vapor is heated at 500C at a pressure of 20 atm and passed over a catalyst.
What is Catalytic Reforming?
It is used as chemical feedstock
What is Naphtha?
This forms carboxyhaemoglobin when it binds with haemoglobin which may cause death.
What is carbon monoxide?
This is where the longest hydrocarbons condense in the fractional column
Where is the lowest part of the column?
Why is catalytic cracking preferred over thermal cracking?
Catalytic cracking is more preferred since it produces a greater amount of branched-chain alkanes with higher octane rating and anti-knock properties, making them better fuels.
When naphtha fractions are passed over a catalyst, the straight-chain alkanes are converted to ring compounds. What is the name of this process?
What is cyclisation
This can be broken down to produce more gasoline
What is Kerosene?
These two chemicals contribute to acid rain.
What are sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides?