Epidemiology
True or False: 50% of all foodborne GI outbreaks caused are caused by Noroviruses
True
What is the transmission type for Norovirus?
A. Fecal-Oral
B. Animal or Insect Transmission
C. Sexually Transmitted
A. Fecal-Oral
True or False: The 2 main modes of transmission are (1) Ingestion of contaminated water or food and (2) Direct transmission from the contaminated surface or infected person.
True!
True or False: Norovirus causes an average of 10 deaths per year in the U.S.
False. An average of 900 deaths per year.
True or False: The two ways to prevent the spread are Good Hand Hygiene and Effective Surface Cleaning.
True
What was the original name of Norovirus when it was first identified?
The original name when it was identified was Norwalk Virus because it was first seen in Norwalk, Ohio.
True or False: Norovirus is a part of the Rotavirus family
False! Norovirus is a part of the Caliciviridae Family which includes several small GI viruses
Food served ____ or handled after being cooked can get contaminated with Norovirus.
Raw
Around 465,000 ER visits occur each year, with most being ____ ? (children or adults)
Children
A person should wash their hands for at least _____ seconds in order for it to be effective.
20
What are the four main symptoms that occur from Norovirus?
How long does someone shed Norovirus in their stool for?
A. 30 days
B. 2 weeks
C. 5 years
B. 2 weeks
What is Norovirus's incubation period (the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of symptoms)?
A. 4-8 hours
B. 8-12 hours
C. 12-48 hours
C. 12-48 hours
A. $100,000
B. $1 million
C. $2 billion
C. $2 billion
How long should someone who has Norovirus stay home after symptoms are gone to avoid spreading this disease?
Name at least 4 common sources of Norovirus outbreaks. (Hint: What are some ways people can contract this virus?)
Food, Water, Person to Person, Contaminated Surfaces, Poor Sanitation/Hygiene, Close Quarters, Schools, Resorts, Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Restaurants and Cruise Ships
How many virions (infectious form of the virus outside the host cell) can cause disease? (Clue: low number)
10 virions
What is the average duration?
12 hours to 2 1/2 days
(12-60 hours)
What age group has norovirus caused the most deaths in?
Ages 65 and up
What kind of disinfectant should you use for Norovirus?
What is the treatment of Norovirus?
There is no treatment other than supportive care.
Norovirus is resistant to _____ , pH3, detergent and chlorine.
Heat
Serology testing is one of the ways to Diagnose Norovirus. What does a serology test detect?
Antibodies
Norovirus is responsible for about 1 million ______ (type of medical specialty)health care visits per year. Usually outpatient or ER visit
Pediatric
Wash hands well and often, cook and wash food thoroughly, and disinfect surfaces often