The Basics
What were the Crusades?
A series of religious wars
A King of England who led the Third Crusade
Richard the Lion heart
What was the main goal of the Crusaders?
To recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control
What was the name of the Christian military order formed to protect pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land?
The Knights Templar
What was the outcome of the Third Crusade?
A truce between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin
How many major Crusades were there (that we studied)?
9
Which famous Muslim leader recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?
Saladin
What was a "Crusader state"?
A kingdom established by Crusaders in the Holy Land
Which event marked the beginning of the Second Crusade?
The fall of the Crusader state of Edessa in 1144
The Crusades helped these Italian city-states become powerful trading centers.
Venice and Genoa
Who called for the First Crusade in 1095?
Pope Urban II
What was the outcome of the Third Crusade?
A truce between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin
The year the Crusades sent of to discover America
Never
Which important city did the Crusaders unsuccessfully attempt to siege during the Seventh Crusade, led by King Louis IX of France?
Cairo (Egypt)
This institution initially gained power from the Crusades but later saw its authority weakened due to failures.
Catholic Church
Which city was the primary target of the First Crusade?
Jerusalem
The Fourth Crusade ended with the Crusaders attacking and capturing which city?
The Christian city of Constantinople.
The Crusaders were often motivated by a combination of religion, desire for _____________, and adventure.
land
Which battle in 1187, led by Saladin, is considered a decisive victory that allowed the Muslim forces to retake Jerusalem from the Crusaders?
The Battle of Hattin
This event during the Fourth Crusade worsened relations between the Byzantine Empire and Western Europe.
What is the sacking of Constantinople?
Which group of people were primarily involved in the Crusades?
European Christians
Who called for the First Crusade in 1095?
Pope Urban II
The Crusades led to cultural exchange and knowledge transfer between which two civilizations?
The Islamic world and Europe.
It was an ill-fated expedition, in 1212, where thousands of young people, inspired by religious zeal, set out to peacefully reclaim the Holy Land but ended in tragedy, with many sold into slavery or dying on the journey.
Children’s Crusade
The Crusades led to the introduction of this powerful weapon, which became widely used by European armies.
What is the crossbow?