Anglo Saxons
How many times did Aelfred go on pilgrimage to Rome during his childhood?
2
What word or phrase was added to the Nicene Creed in the West?
'Filioque'
Meaning 'and thus the Son'
The Crusades began due to what group invading Eastern Roman lands and killing pilgrims
Seljuk Turks
What happened to Pope Gregory VII at the end of his conflict with Henry IV?
He was kicked out (exiled) from Rome and died in exile
Which of the other 4 patriarchates sided with Rome during the Great Schism?
None
King Aelfred was the king of which kingdom of Britain?
Wessex
What was the issue that the Patriarch of Constantinople decided was too much for him to ignore and caused him to shut down all 'Latin Rite' Churches?
The use of unleavened bread in the Eucharist
Which pope called for the Crusades?
Pope Urban II
What did Emperor Henry IV wear when he was outside the Castle begging for entry?
A robe made of hair and no shoes (during a blizzard)
What is propaganda?
Information of a biased nature meant to evoke a strong emotional response in the recipient.
King Aelfred defeated the Danish Vikings at which battle?
Edington
Which pope had the text of the original Nicene Creed stamped into silver shields and set above the Papal cathedral?
Pope Leo III
Which minority group of Europe was targeted by the peasants during the 'People's Crusade'?
the Jews
Why was the practice of Investiture an issue between the Pope and the King/Emperor?
It became a symbol of who held power to ordain/select Bishops. Is it the Pope/Church or the King/Emperor/State?
How long did Henry IV have to beg before he was let into the castle by Pope Gregory VII
3 days
The Danish Vikings were lead by whom?
Guthrum
1054
Who was the Emperor who wrote to the Pope asking for military help against the Seljuk Turks?
Alexius/Alexios I
The journey which Emperor Henry IV took to visit the Pope to ask his forgiveness was called what?
In what year does Pope Urban II call for the first Crusade?
1095
Pope Leo IV
What is the 'Donation of Constantine'?
A forged legal document that claimed to be written by Constantine which gave all of the western empire to the Pope
Name the two reasons we discussed in class for why Pope Urban II agreed to launch the Crusades
1. Overpopulation and not enough land in Europe
2. Possibility of reunion with the Eastern Church
The pope and Church council chose the Bishop but the King/Emperor could veto and be present during the selection process
Why do the Crusades demonstrate a philosophical change in Christianity?
Early Christians accepted the world as corrupt by nature and not able to be changed by mans efforts. Later Christians thought that they had a duty to actively right the wrongs of injustice in the world by force.