Byzantine Beginnings
What empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the east?
Byzantine Empire
What natural defense surrounded Constantinople on three sides?
Water
Which emperor rebuilt Constantinople after riots in 532?
Justinian I
Which Byzantine emperor asked Pope Urban II for help, starting the First Crusade?
Emperor Alexsio I
In what year did the Great Schism officially divide Christianity?
1054
In 330 C.E., Emperor Constantine moved the capital to what city?
Constantinople (formerly Byzantium)
At the crossroads of which two continents was Constantinople located?
Europe and Asia
What is the name of the famous church built by Justinian that means “Holy Wisdom”?
Hagia Sophia
What holy city did crusaders capture in 1099?
Jerusalem
What 1071 battle was a major defeat for the Byzantines against the Seljuk Turks?
Battle of Manzikert
Who conquered the Byzantine Empire in 1453?
Ottoman Turks
What were two luxury goods traded in Constantinople?
Silk, ivory, furs, or perfumes
What was Justinian’s Code, and why was it important?
a legal code that updated Roman laws influenced later European legal systems and extended women's rights
Which Muslim leader recaptured Jerusalem in 1187?
Saladin
What 1071 battle was a major defeat for the Byzantines against the Seljuk Turks?
Most children were enslaved or died
What permanent split created two branches of Christianity?
Great Schism
About how many people lived in Constantinople at its height?
1 million
What argument did Theodora use to convince Justinian to stay during the riots?
That it was better to die an emperor than flee in disgrace
What was promised to Christians who fought in the Crusades?
Forgiveness of sins and entry to heaven
In what year did Ferdinand and Isabella complete the Reconquista in Spain?
1492
What were two key differences between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church?
The patriarch was “first among equals” instead of a pope, and that Orthodox priests could marry (while Catholic priests could not)
In what two ways did services like hospitals and orphanages show Constantinople’s wealth and advancement?
They showed advanced public services and that the empire cared for its people
What were two ways Justinian expanded Byzantine power beyond rebuilding the city?
Conquering lost Roman lands and reforming the empire’s laws (Justinain Code)
What was one impact of the Crusades on Christians, one on Muslims, and one on Jews?
Christians gained new trade and ideas
Muslims gained wealth and stronger leaders
Jews faced persecution, massacres, and expulsion
How did the Crusades contribute to the decline of feudalism in Europe?
Monarchs gained power as nobles lost land, money, and soldiers