Assembly
A small, fast storage location within the CPU used to store data and instructions temporarily
What is a register?
A group of 8 bits
What is a byte?
A fixed-size block of data used in virtual memory systems, typically 4 KB in size.
What is a page?
A small, fast memory that stores copies of frequently accessed data to speed up processing.
What is cache?
An interface that transmits data one bit at a time
What is a serial interface?
The part of the bus that carries memory addresses from the CPU to other components
What is the Address Bus?
What is a callee saved register?
Type of memory that retains its data when powered off
What is non-volatile memory?
Hardware device that provides translation between virtual and physical memory
What is Memory Management Unit (MMU)?
When the requested data is found in the cache, avoiding the need to access slower memory.
What is a cache hit?
Interface that only allows transfer in one direction at at time
What is half-duplex?
A signal sent to the CPU that temporarily halts the current execution to handle an I/O or system event.
What is an interrupt?
This can be caused by access to RAM, branching, multiplication, division, and function calls
What is a pipe stall?
Printing out a representation of bytes in memory usually used for debugging or for exam questions
What is a memory dump?
A special file on the disk to keep pages that are currently not in memory
What is swap space?
Type of cache that is usually located on the CPU chip
What is L1 cache?
A technique where the CPU repeatedly checks the status of a device to see if it needs attention
What is polling?
Two operations supported by a bus
What are fetch and store?
The method used to specify the operand(s) for an instruction (e.g., immediate, direct, indirect)
What is addressing mode?
Architecture where both programs and data are stored in a single memory.
What is Vonn Newman architecture?
Pages from a given application that are present in memory
What is a resident set?
Most popular replacement policy for ejecting items when a cache is full
What is Least Recently Used (LRU)?
A feature that allows peripherals to transfer data directly to or from memory without CPU intervention
What is DMA (Direct Memory Access)?
A technique where multiple buffers are linked together to manage large data transfers, allowing continuous I/O operations without pausing.
What is buffer chaining?
This instruction transfers control to the return address located on the stack
What is ret?
Memory access pattern used by program instructions
What is sequential access?
A cache that stores recent virtual-to-physical address translations to speed up memory access.
What is TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer)?
Uses parallel hardware to maintain multiple, independent caches
What is set associative cache?
A data structure that holds the addresses of interrupt service routines
What is an interrupt vector table?
Special case of buffer chaining where large data transfer formed from separate blocks
What is Scatter Read And Gather Write?