Processes
A state where a process is utilizing the CPU
What is running?
A scheduling algorithm that prevents starvation
In the dining philosophers problem, forcing each philosopher to pick up the left fork and then the right fork (with no mutex) causes this condition.
What is deadlock?
The name of equally sized pieces of physical memory
What is a page frame? / What is a frame?
The start of a typical shell script, indicating which shell should be used by the OS to run the script.
What is #! or #!/bin/bash?
The parts of the Process Control Block that are only updated when a process is removed from the CPU
What are the CPU registers?
When process state is saved and the process is removed from the CPU
What is a context switch
In the readers, writers problem allowing all readers to "cut the line" in front of waiting writers can lead to this condition.
What is starvation?
A concept where pieces of a process are only loaded from virtual memory when they are required at runtime
What is demand paging
The two methods for determining when a device driver is ready for CPU operations
What is polling and interrupts?
A process's state when waiting for Input or Output
What is the Blocked state?
A minimum amount of time a process may execute before becoming eligible to be replaced, by the scheduler, with another process
What is a quantum?
Mutex are designed to protect this.
What is the critical section?
A method of transferring data from a device to physical memory without utilizing the CPU
What is Direct Memory Access (DMA)?
A method of detecting deadlocks in a resource allocation graph.
What is the graph reduction algorithm? / What is graph reduction?
The operating system component that transitions a program to a process
What is the loader?
A structure containing information about a system resource.
What is a Resource Control Block?
The act of multiple processes or threads executing at the same time; some deadlock-preventing solutions to the Dining Philosophers problem fail to guarantee this
What is concurrency?
A C function that reserves memory on the heap and returns a pointer to this memory
What is malloc()?
A method of separating logical process parts in virtual and physical memory
What is segmentation?
The value returned from the fork() function to the parent process.
What is the child process ID?
An operating system concept that creates the illusion of multiple process running simultaneously on a single CPU
What is time-sharing?
a high-level synchronization primitive that encapsulates functions and guarantees mutual exclusion of these functions' execution
What is a monitor?
A common data structure for tracking files in use by all running processes
What is an Open File Table?
The three categories of rwx permissions as seen in ls -l
What is User, Group, Other?