DNA BASICS
What does “DNA” stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
A relatively weak bond that forms between the two nitrogen bases holding the two sides of the DNA molecule together.
Hydrogen Bond
True or False: Cancer cells divide uncontrollably.
True
Mitosis is the division of the…
nucleus
When DNA replicates, each new molecule of DNA is composed of one template strand and one newly synthesized strand. This type of replication is termed:
Semi conservative
Where is DNA found in the eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus
Name the three components of the nucleotides that compose DNA.
One sugar molecule, one nitrogen base, one phosphate group
The phase during which DNA is replicated
S phase (of interphase)
During which phase of mitosis are the sister chromatids aligned at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
One side of a DNA strand has the following sequence. What is the complementary sequence found on the opposite side?
TCAGCA
AGTCGT
In a DNA sample, the amount of thymine equals the amount of adenine, just like the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of ________.
guanine
DNA has a unique two-sided, spiraling shape. What is the name given to this shape?
Double Helix
In which phase of the cell cycle does a cell divide into daughter cells?
cytokinesis
At which phase of mitosis are the chromatids separating and moving toward the poles of the cell?
Anaphase
These type of bonds form between complementary nitrogenous bases. They are broken by DNA helicase.
Hydrogen bonds
What are the building blocks (monomers) that compose DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
Name the four nitrogen bases.
What are the base pairing rules?
Adenine
Cytosine.
Guanine
Thymine
The base pairing rules are: A-T and C-G
These are the critical control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper progression. Cells must "pass" these to move to the next phase. Cancer cells ignore them.
Checkpoints (Cell Cycle Checkpoints)
This cell structure that attaches to the centromeres. They shorten to pull the sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell during anaphase.
Spindle fibers
Mitotic spindle
Microtubules
An enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available as template strands.
Helicase
____ used the process of X-ray diffraction to ”look” at DNA._____ are the two men that looked at the above x-rays to determine the structure of the DNA molecule.
Rosalind Franklin
Watson and Crick
The direction of the two strands of DNA is described with the term
Antiparallel
What is the CORRECT ORDER of the phases of mitosis?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
In which phase of mitosis do we see the nuclear membrane reform?
Telophase
An enzyme responsible for the addition of new nucleotides along the daughter strand during replication of DNA.
DNA Polymerase