URINE COLLECTION & DIAGNOSTICS
This urine collection method is preferred for culture because it minimizes contamination.
What is cystocentesis?
This nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to contract the detrusor muscle.
What is the pelvic nerve?
Ascending infection from the bladder to the kidney results in this condition.
What is pyelonephritis?
Azotemia with concentrated urine and dehydration indicates this type.
What is prerenal azotemia?
What occurs during diarrhea that leads an electrolyte imbalanced?
What is loss of bicarbonate in feces?
This urine collection method requires quantitative culture to differentiate contamination from infection.
What is free catch (voided sample)?
This nerve provides sympathetic tone to the internal urethral sphincter.
What is the hypogastric nerve?
A ureter that empties into the urethra instead of the trigone is called this.
What is an ectopic ureter?
Azotemia with inappropriate USG indicates this type.
What is renal azotemia?
Why is the ascending limb of the loop of Henle called the diluting segment?
Sodium and chloride are reabsorbed without water, lowering tubular fluid osmolality.
Quantitative urine culture is essential for this major reason.
What is differentiating contamination from true infection and guiding antibiotic therapy?
This nerve provides voluntary control of the external urethral sphincter.
What is the pudendal nerve?
Obstruction at the level of the urethra leads to this secondary renal change.
What is hydronephrosis?
Azotemia with large bladder and hyperkalemia indicates this type.
What is post-renal azotemia?
How does the body compensate for primary metabolic acidosis?
hyperventilation to blow off CO2
The most common bacterial organism implicated in UTIs in dogs and cats.
What is Escherichia coli?
The urothelium functions primarily as this type of barrier.
What is a distensible, impermeable barrier to urine and pathogens?
What is this structure called?
renal pelvis
Hyperphosphatemia and hypermagnesemia in a dehydrated patient indicate this physiologic issue.
What is decreased GFR?
During bladder filling, which neurotransmitter activates beta 3 adrenergic receptor in bladder wall?
norepinephrine
Antimicrobial sensitivity testing is clinically important because of this overarching stewardship principle.
What is preventing antimicrobial resistance through targeted therapy?
Failure of involution of the fetal urachus results in this developmental abnormality.
What is patent urachus?
Laxy (4 yo mini doxy) comes into the clinic and presets with constant urine leakage. The owner states this is not normal for Laxy. This is a typical issue seen with dogs.
What is this issue called?
What is the most common cause
What drug would you give to treat?
Urinary Incontinence
USMI
Phenylpropanolamine
Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap in a blocked cat is due to this combined mechanism.
What is decreased acid excretion and retention of organic acids secondary to reduced GFR?
explain what occurs in moderate vs severe efferent arteriole vasoconstriction
moderate- increase GHP & GFR
severe- initially increase GFR but then decrease GFR