Gait & Lameness Logic
A horse shows a head nod where the head rises when the right forelimb contacts the ground.
What is right forelimb lameness due to unloading of the painful limb?
A structure embedded in a tendon redirects force and protects the tendon.
What is a sesamoid bone?
The vertebral landmark used to identify the change in thoracic spinous process direction in dogs.
What is the anticlinal vertebra?
Dark brown urine after intense exercise is caused by release of this molecule.
What is myoglobin?
This drug is used to treat toxin-induced muscle tremors in dogs.
What is methocarbamol?
A horse appears sound on a straight line but becomes lame when circling to the right.
What is increased loading of the inside limb revealing subtle lameness?
A yearling horse has valgus deviation at the carpus.
What is an angular limb deformity that will not self-correct after maturity?
Acute IVDD causes neurologic deficits primarily due to this mechanism.
What is spinal cord compression by nucleus pulposus?
Prolonged recumbency in a downer cow leads to muscle necrosis via this mechanism.
What is ischemic pressure injury?
This drug is used as a muscle relaxant during equine anesthesia induction.
What is guaifenesin?
A dog shows inconsistent foot placement and truncal sway without pain on palpation.
What is neurologic ataxia rather than orthopedic lameness?
A long bone functions primarily as a lever for movement.
What is mechanical advantage generation?
Atlanto-axial instability threatens the spinal cord because of failure of this structure.
What is the dens and its stabilizing ligaments?
Gas in muscle following a penetrating wound suggests infection with this pathogen group.
What are clostridial species?
Aminoglycosides worsen weakness in patients with this condition.
What is myasthenia gravis?
Force plate analysis shows reduced peak vertical force in one limb.
What is pain-related unloading of that limb?
A tendon wraps around bone and develops inflammation at the contact point.
What is increased friction without a protective bursa or sesamoid?
Poll evil in horses involves infection of this structure.
What is the cranial nuchal bursa?
Internal nuclei and fiber splitting on biopsy indicate this timing of injury.
What is chronic or repeated muscle injury?
Neuromuscular blockers are dangerous without anesthesia because they lack this.
What is analgesia and unconsciousness?
A lameness improves after a nerve block but worsens with flexion testing.
What is orthopedic pain localization with nonspecific flexion response?
Loss of proper bone alignment leads to chronic abnormal loading despite normal muscle strength.
What is conformation-related biomechanical inefficiency?
A dog with flaccid paralysis after eating spoiled food has dysfunction at this level.
What is the neuromuscular junction due to botulism?
Destruction of the basal lamina during muscle injury leads to this healing outcome.
What is fibrosis with permanent loss of function?
Muscle rigidity and hyperthermia during anesthesia is treated with this drug.
What is dantrolene?