Unit 1
What do decibels represent?
The decibel (dB) is the unit of measurement used to describe the intensity level or pressure level of a sound.
True or False: The formants frequencies of a sound change when its pitch changes.
FALSE
What two structures in the outer ear contribute most to sound amplification?
Concha and external auditory meatus
What are the resonant frequencies of the vocal tract called?
formants
True or False: Compressions mean that air molecules are packed closely together; rarefactions means that the air molecules are spread out
TRUE
How do you calculate pressure?
Force/Area
What is the manner of articulation of the sound /p/?
stop
What is the function of the vestibular system?
Maintain balance and posture.
What is the anatomical structure inside our cochlea that acts as a Fourier analyzer?
Basilar membrane
Give an example of a source of vibration other than the vocal cords.
reed of an instrument, string of a guitar, etc.
What do decibels represent?
The decibel (dB) is the unit of measurement used to describe the intensity level or pressure level of a sound.
Name a consonant that is classified as a velar place of articulation?
/g/, /k/, "ng"
Are binaural localization cues measured on the azimuth plane or the vertical plane?
azimuth
DAILY DOUBLE
What information from the three properties of vibrating systems do we use to calculate interaural time differences?
Phase
True or False: an ILD is the difference in time it takes for a sound to reach the ear farther from the sound source versus the ear closer to the sound source.
FALSE (level differences between the two ears)
True or False: In transverse waves, the direction of particle movement is perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
the direction of particle movement is perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
According to Bernoulli's principle, if velocity increases what happens to the pressure?
Pressure decreases
What structures are involved in the acoustic reflex?
Tensor tympani and Stapedius
Which binaural cue would you use for sounds with longer wavelengths - ITDS or ILDs?
ITDs
How many dB does the lever action performed by the ossicular chain contribute to the overcoming of the air-fluid boundary? From what we learned in unit 1, how great of an amplification is that?
It contributes +2 dB, which is slightly less than doubling the sound.
What are the 4 requirements for sound?
Source of energy, source of vibration, receiver, medium
What are the characteristics of /u/?
A low F1 and F2
What is the name of the area that is the first to receive input from both ears?
Superior olivary complex
What are the reference intensities and pressures for a 1000 Hz tone and what is an example of a graph that uses different reference intensities?
Reference Intensity for a 1000 Hz tone: 10^-12 W/m^2 and Reference Pressure: 20 micropascals; the audiogram is an example of a graph that has different reference intensities which differ based on frequency.
The true vocal folds stretch between what two structures?
Thyroid Cartilage and Arytenoid Cartilages