Vocabulary 1
to move apart, as in pulling the vocal folds apart to open them
abduction
a consonant produced using both lips
bilabial
a consonant produced using the tip or blade of the tongue against the upper teeth
dental
overarticulated speech that is produced with precise movements
citation form
a vowel produced with the tongue raised close to the palate
high vowel
to bring together, as in bringing the vocal folds together to close them
adduction
a consonant produced with the tongue tip or blade on or near the upper gum (i.e., alveolar) ridge
alveolar
a pair of symbols used to represent a single consonant sound
digraph
the overlapping of speech movements in connected speech
coarticulation
a vowel produced with the tongue anterior in the mouth
front vowel
to produce speech
articulate
consonants and consonant clusters in syllable-initiating position (start of syllable)
onset
variations of a phone that do not change the meaning of the word
allophone
having an r-like auditory quality
rhoticity
a vowel produced with the body of the tongue raised in a neutral position (i.e., in the center of the mouth)
central vowel
an aerodynamic effect of pressure decreasing when the speed of a fluid, such as air, increases; used to describe vocal fold motion
Bernoulli principle
consonants and consonant clusters in syllable-arresting position (end of syllable)
coda
the mental representation of a speech sound that can be used to establish meaning in words; transcribed using virgules: / /
phoneme
the amount of emphasis we place on a syllable; achieved by increasing loudness, pitch, and/or articulatory precision
stress
a vowel produced with the highest part of the tongue raised posteriorly (i.e., toward the velum/soft palate)
back vowel
a consonant sound produced by the partial obstruction of airflow by two articulators closely approximating one another to create turbulence
fricative
a consonant sound produced by rapidly sequencing a stop and a fricative produced in the same place
affricate
a pair of consonants that share place and manner of articulation but differ in voicing
cognate consonants/minimal pairs
a group of harmonics that form a band of acoustic energy that corresponds to a resonating frequency of the air in the vocal tract; sound characteristics of a particular vowel or voiced consonant
formant
a single vowel produced with two rapidly articulated vowel gestures
diphthong