Chapter 6- Nonverbal Communication
the study of touch
Haptics
interaction between people who are part of a close & irreplaceable relationship in which they treat each other as unique individuals
Interpersonal Communication
an explicit officially stated guideline that governs group functions & member behavior
Rules
the process of pronouncing all of the necessary parts of a word
Articulation
that they favor punctuality, schedules, one task at a time
Monochronic
messages that refer to another message; Communication about Communication
Metacommunication
A structured problem-solving process for small groups introduced in the 1910s by john Dewey & still in use with some modifications today
Reflective thinking method
a consideration of characteristics including the type, goals, demographics, beliefs, attitudes, & values of listeners
Audience analysis
speeches that are planned in advance but presented in a direct, conversational manner
Extemporaneous speeches
describes nonverbal cues that are vocal
Paralanguage
a framework that describes how intimacy can be achieved via the breadth & depth of self-disclosure
Social penetration model
a phase in problem solving groups in which members openly defy defend their position & challenge those of others
Conflict (storming) stage
examples that ask an audience to imagine an object or event
Hypothetical (or fictional) examples
Set a specific persuasive purpose.
Adapt to your specific audience.
Establish common ground & credibility.
Draw upon Aristotle’s triad.
Techniques of persuasive speaking
the sense that they involve manipulating or fiddling with objects or parts of the body
Manipulators
A Communication pattern in which a statement perceived as an attack leads to a counterattack & then another, until the Communication escalates into a full-fledged argument
Conflict spirals
the capacity to behave appropriately in a range of social relationships environments including professional settings
Social intelligence
What steps are there when Structuring your speech
•Outlines
•Speaking notes
•Organizational patterns
Limit the amount of information you present.
Transition from the familiar to the newer information.
Transition from the simple to more complex.
3 ways to make it easy for the audience to listen
people may react positively or negatively depending on how extreme the behavior is & how they feel about the rule breaker
Expectancy violation theory
a message that expresses a lack of caring or respect for another person
Disconfirming
behaviors enacted by a particular group member although they are not explicitly assigned to do them for example some people serve informally as a peacekeeper or jokester
Informal roles
3 ways to evaluate online information
•Credibility
•Objectivity
•Currency
Use nervousness to your advantage.
Understand the difference between rational & irrational fears.
Maintain a receiver orientation.
Keep a positive attitude.
Be prepared
•5 ways to overcome debilitative speech anxiety