Common Issues
True or false: A negative self-esteem in childhood and adolescence will naturally disappear by adulthood.
False
Adolescents w/ low self-esteem are at risk of experiencing anxiety and depression (predictor/major risk factor of internalizing symptoms) - predisposes them to future mental/physical health problems.
True or false: Attachment to parents during adolescence is not important.
False!
Secure attachment relationships offer adolescents ‘safe harbour of support’ and place to turn to in times of distress.
True or false: We must avoid "non-clinical" talk with young clients so our relationship will remain strictly professional.
False
Non-clinical talk is HUGELY important to the joining process with young people - we want to take time to get to know their world!
"_______ are used like words by children, and ______ is their language."
Toys
Play
Depression in young children will more likely manifest _________.
Somatically (aches, pains)
A child in kindergarten would likely be in the ________ stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Pre-operational (~ages 2-7)
Continually asking questions like, "what then", or "so what does that mean" until we get to a core belief is called the ________ ______ technique in CBT.
Downward arrow
What should we always do with resistance in our work with younger clients?
Discuss it/point it out - do not ignore it! Important to validate these feelings - will help us join with them better!!
Why is self-harm behaviour with no suicidal intent still considered maladaptive and dangerous?
Decreases fear of harm/lethality
Possibility of infection, damage, and serious injury
What do children "get" when they have mastered Erickson's industry vs. inferiority stage of development?
Confidence, self-esteem
True or false: Counselling for people under the age of 18 is not confidential (content of sessions are to be told to the parents).
False!
Confidentiality applies to all clients (unless disclosures of harm are present).
True or false: Counsellors are not to interpret art that a client has created.
True (unless we have extensive training in this!)
For our purposes, we can use art/expressive activities with clients and get THEM to explain what they mean.
Name "the big 3" characteristics of ADHD.
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
This is the term that Vygotsky uses to describe the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
Zone of proximal development
To learn, we must be presented with tasks just out of our ability range. Challenging tasks promote maximum cognitive growth.
Creating a fear heirarchy and exposing a client gradually to their fears is part of what type of therapy? What is the term for this process?
Exposure therapy
Sytematic desensitization
__________ is a mechanism for coping that keeps anxiety in place (for example, a child who is afraid of dogs is not made to go anywhere where there might be a dog present).
Avoidance
Why is hospitalization/inpatient treatment often contraindicated for issues such as eating disorders?
New skills obtained in treatment might be more easily transferred home
The parents and family can have greater involvement
Patient may remain in her/his social networks and develop more age-adequate autonomy
The "cognitive part" of CBT would likely work best with a client in what stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Formal operational (~12+)
At this stage we see an increase in logic, the ability to use deductive reasoning, and an understanding of abstract ideas. At this point, we become capable of seeing multiple potential solutions to problems.
This acronym can be a helpful assessment tool for in initial session with a young client.
BEACON
Behaviour, Eye Contact, Attitude, Comfort/Cooperation, On Task, Nuances of Nonverbals
This acronym can be used to assess for acute risk factors/warning signs for suicide.
ISPATHWARM
Ideation Substance abuse Purposelessness Anxiety Trapped Hopelessness Withdrawal Anger Recklessness Mood change